Table 1 General characteristics of study participants*

Age (year)

43.4 ± 14.6

42.7 ± 13.3

0.65

46.1 ± 14.6

42.5 ± 14.3

42.7 ± 13.0

0.33

BMI (kg/m²)

26.2 ± 4.2

26.1 ± 3.8

0.75

29.0 ± 2.9

27.1 ± 3.8

24.8 ± 3.8

< 0.001

Physical activity (MET-h/week)

34.7 ± 6.3

33.8 ± 5.5

0.12

28.27 ± 2.4

32.7 ± 5.3

36.6 ± 5.4

< 0.001

Duration of cell phone use (years)

2.8 ± 2.9

3.7 ± 2.6

0.003

4.1 ± 2.4

3.7 ± 2.8

3.1 ± 2.6

0.03

Females (%)

41

42

0.99

44.7

39.8

42.9

0.775

Married (%)

79

80

0.66

89.5

80.7

76.6

0.125

University graduated (%)

12

17

0.22

15.8

16.8

13.6

0.708

High risk job† (%)

10

3

0.003

2.6

4.3

6.5

0.499

High-risk residential area‡ (%)

30

21

0.05

31.6

24.2

22.8

0.519

History of exposure to radiographic X-ray (%)

16

7.4

0.01

5.3

11.2

10.3

0.553

History of head trauma (%)

44

29

0.004

26.3

33.5

35.9

0.521

History of allergy (%)

25

29

0.40

39.5

31.1

22.8

0.058

History of hypertension (%)

2

5

0.28

2.6

3.7

4.9

0.762

Smoker (%)

16

25

0.02

23.7

23.6

20.1

0.709

Frequent fried food intake§ (%)

91

78

0.001

89.5

78.3

84.2

0.164

Frequent use of barbecue|| (%)

16

21

0.21

5.3

14.3

14.1

0.305

Frequent microwave use|| (%)

8

19

0.002

21.1

18.6

10.9

0.075

Frequent canned foods intake|| (%)

6

7

0.52

7.9

6.8

4.3

0.512

Drug use (%)

8

5

0.36

7.9

6.8

4.9

0.657

Personal hair dye use (%)

22

41

< 0.001

42.1

36.0

32.1

0.448

Exposure to chemicals (%)

20

11

0.01

10.5

11.8

15.8

0.477

Family history of glioma (%)

19

5

< 0.001

21.1

8.1

9.8

0.057

Family history of cancer (%)

33

34

0.90

34.2

32.9

33.7

0.983

Supplement use (%)

8

16

0.36

7.9

17.4

10.3

0.092

Healthy life style score

1.27

1.43

0.02