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Table 5 Sensitivity analysis for association between dietary choline and betaine intake the risk of CVD

From: Association between dietary choline and betaine intake and 10.6-year cardiovascular disease in adults

Dietary intake

Tertile 1

Tertile 2

Tertile 3

P trend

Healthy subjects (n = 839)

Choline intake

 Age and sex-adjusted model

1

0.65 (0.25–1.65)

0.52 (0.20–1.33)

0.17

 aMultivariate-adjusted model

1

0.83 (0.28–2.45)

0.75 (0.21–2.66)

0.65

Betaine intake

 Age and sex-adjusted model

1

0.36 (0.11–1.13)

0.62 (0.26–1.45)

0.30

 bMultivariate-adjusted model

1

0.36 (0.10–1.28)

0.51 (0.15–1.74)

0.33

High-risk patients (n = 1767)

Choline intake

 Age and sex-adjusted model

1

1.09 (0.75–1.58)

0.95 (0.64–1.41)

0.79

 aMultivariate-adjusted model

1

1.02 (0.68–1.54)

0.87 (0.54–1.39)

0.53

Betaine intake

 Age and sex-adjusted model

1

1.15 (0.77–1.72)

1.06 (0.72–1.55)

0.82

 bMultivariate-adjusted model

1

1.27 (0.82–1.96)

1.07 (0.68–1.69)

0.85

  1. Cox proportional hazards regression was conducted
  2. aAdjusted for sex, age, smoking, BMI, total energy intake, FSG, TG/HDL, meat, fruit, vegetable, and oil
  3. bAdjusted for sex, age, smoking, BMI, total energy intake, FSG, TG/HDL, SBP, fruit, oil, and fiber