Association between dietary choline and betaine intake and 10.6-year cardiovascular disease in adults

Nutrition Journal

Table 3 Hazard ratios (95% CI) of CVD by total choline and betaine tertile

Dietary intake	Tertile 1	Tertile 2	Tertile 3	P trend	Continuous	P trend
Total choline intake
Person years	9524	9418	9489		28,431
No. of cases	63	69	55		187
Median (mg/d)	176	228	289		Per 50 mg/d
Age and sex-adjusted model	1	0.98 (0.70–1.36)	0.80 (0.56–1.14)	0.22	0.93 (0.84–1.04)	0.21
^aMultivariate-adjusted model	1	0.97 (0.67–1.39)	0.80 (0.56–1.23)	0.31	0.94 (0.83–1.07)	0.39
Betaine intake
Person years	9534	9497	9401		28,431
No. of cases	57	56	74		187
Median (mg/d)	56.4	80.7	110		Per 25 mg/d
Age and sex-adjusted model	1	0.99 (0.69–1.41)	0.96 (0.68–1.35)	0.82	0.97 (0.88–1.07)	0.59
^bMultivariate-adjusted model	1	1.07 (0.72–1.58)	0.96 (0.64–1.44)	0.83	0.95 (0.85–1.07)	0.45

Cox proportional hazards regression was conducted
^aAdjusted for sex, age, smoking, BMI, total energy intake, FSG, TG/HDL, meat, fruit, vegetable, and oil
^bAdjusted for sex, age, smoking, BMI, total energy intake, FSG, TG/HDL, SBP, fruit, oil, and fiber

ISSN: 1475-2891