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Table 1 Participants’ characteristics and differences in fruit and vegetable intakes across characteristics (n = 193)

From: Maternal feeding practices and toddlers’ fruit and vegetable consumption: results from the DIT-Coombe Hospital birth cohort in Ireland

Variables

All participants

Mean(SD) or n

Vegetable a

Fruit b

Low intake

High intake

χ2/t

P

Low intake

High intake

χ2/t

P

Mean(SD) or n (%)

Mean(SD) or n (%)

Child’s age

2.4(0.7)

2.5(0.7)

2.4(0.7)

0.607

0.544

2.4(0.7)

2.6(0.7)

−1.954

0.052

Child’s weight (kg) c

14.0(2.7)

14.0(2.4)

14.1(2.9)

−0.547

0.585

13.5(2.4)

14.7(2.8)

−2.981

0.003

Child’s gender

 Male

106

46(51.1)

60(58.3)

0.989

0.320

58(55.2)

48(54.5)

0.009

0.923

 Female

87

44(48.9)

43(41.7)

  

47(44.8)

40(45.5)

  

Mother’s age at time of childbirth

 15–24 years old

17

9(10.0)

8(7.8)

5.035

0.081

13(12.4)

4(4.5)

6.711

0.035

 25–34 years old

123

50(55.6)

73(70.9)

  

59(56.2)

64(72.7)

  

  > 34 years old

53

31(34.4)

22(21.4)

  

33(31.4)

20(22.7)

  

Maternal marital status

 Married

151

73(81.1)

78(75.7)

0.817

0.366

79(75.2)

72(81.8)

1.217

0.270

 Single/divorced/widow

42

17(18.9)

25(24.3)

  

26(24.8)

16(18.2)

  

Maternal education

 Primary/Secondary level

54

28(31.1)

26(25.2)

0.936

0.626

34(32.4)

20(22.7)

2.449

0.294

 Vocational/training course

56

24(26.7)

32(31.1)

  

30(28.6)

26(29.5)

  

 Third level including post graduate

83

38(42.2)

45(43.7)

  

41(39.0)

42(47.7)

  

Maternal occupation

 Professional/Managerial/Technical Workers

74

39(43.3)

35(34.0)

2.660

0.447

40(38.1)

34(38.6)

2.853

0.415

 Non-Manual

52

24(26.7)

28(27.2)

  

32(30.5)

20(22.7)

  

 Skilled Manual/Semi-Skilled

18

6(6.7)

12(11.7)

  

7(6.7)

11(12.5)

  

 Students/Unemployed Housewife

49

21(23.3)

28(27.2)

  

26(24.8)

23(26.1)

  

Maternal birthplace

 Republic of Ireland

167

79(87.8)

88(85.4)

0.226

0.635

96(91.4)

71(80.7)

4.743

0.029

 Countries outside Ireland

26

11(12.2)

15(14.6)

  

9(8.6)

17(19.3)

  

Accommodation

 Home/Apartment owners

161

78(86.7)

83(80.6)

1.285

0.257

89(84.8)

72(81.8)

0.300

0.584

 Non-home owners

32

12(13.3)

20(19.4)

  

16(15.2)

16(18.2)

  

Health insurance status

 Public

84

41(45.6)

43(41.7)

0.284

0.867

45(42.9)

39(44.3)

2.756

0.252

 Semi-private

71

32(35.6)

39(37.9)

  

35(33.3)

36(40.9)

  

 Private

38

17(18.9)

21(20.4)

  

25(23.8)

13(14.8)

  

Type of delivery

 Spontaneous Vaginal Delivery

139

67(74.4)

72(69.9)

0.492

0.483

75(71.4)

64(72.7)

0.040

0.841

 Caesarean Section

54

23(25.6)

31(30.1)

  

30(28.6)

24(27.3)

  
  1. aVegetable intake was grouped using mean daily intake value in NPNS as cut-off (58 g)
  2. bFruit intake was grouped using mean daily intake value in NPNS as cut-off (190 g)
  3. ct’ test