Table 1 Demographic characteristics of the study participants by newly-diagnosed T2DM status
Variables | Participants with T2DM(n = 182) | Participants without T2DM (n = 3068) | Significance* |
|---|---|---|---|
Demographic | |||
Age (years) | 47.2 ± 9.0 | 52.1 ± 8.7 | P < 0.0001 |
BMI(kg/m2) | 25.1 ± 5.7 | 23.7 ± 4.1 | P < 0.0001 |
WC(cm) | 89.5 ± 12.4 | 83.0 ± 11.0 | P < 0.0001 |
Cereal fiber(g) | 6.8(3.7-10.2) | 7.1(4.2-9.8) | 0.58 |
Fruit and vegetable fiber(g) | 9.0(7.2-16.4) | 10.6(8.5-19.7) | < 0.05 |
Total fiber(g) | 15.2(11.0-20.5) | 17.5(14.2-28.3) | < 0.01 |
HbA1c (%) | 7.9 ± 1.2 | 5.4 ± 0.5 | < 0.0001 |
Total energy intake(kcal/d) | 2092.5 ± 603.7 | 1758.0 ± 528.4 | < 0.0001 |
Gender | χ2 = 3.785 | ||
Men | 101(55.4) | 1475(48.1) | P = 0.052 |
Women | 81(44.6) | 1593(51.9) | |
Smoking status (%) | χ2 = 11.257 | ||
Never | 72(39.6) | 1604(52.3) | P < 0.01 |
Former | 74(40.6) | 963(31.4) | |
current | 36(19.8) | 501(16.3) | |
Education (%) | χ2 = 8.388 | ||
< High school | 34(18.7) | 745(24.3) | P < 0.05 |
High school | 98(53.8) | 1733(56.5) | |
> High school | 50(27.5) | 590(19.2) | |
Income per month | χ2 = 1.735 | ||
≤ 2000 (RMB) | 76(41.7) | 1144(37.3) | P = 0.420 |
2000-5000 (RMB) | 86(47.3) | 1519(49.5) | |
> 5000 (RMB) | 20(11.0) | 405(13.2) | |
Obesity (%) | χ2 = 7.464 | ||
Yes | 30(16.5) | 310(10.1) | P < 0.001 |
No | 152(83.5) | 2758(89.9) | |
Hypertension(%) | χ2 = 0.193 | ||
Yes | 37(20.3) | 666(21.7) | P = 0.661 |
No | 145(79.7) | 2402(78.3) | |
Physical activity(%) | χ2 = 4.534 P = 0.104 | ||
Light | 128(70.3) | 2062(67.2) | |
Moderate | 45(24.7) | 709(23.1) | |
Heavy | 9(5.0) | 297(9.7) | |