Table 3 Adjusted Odds of low or very low food security among 4,312 participants with data on household food insecurity

Race (%), n = 1,452 ^a

 White, Non-Hispanic

Ref

Ref

 Non-White

1.32 (0.92–1.85)

1.72 (0.91–3.17)

Region (%), n = 1,300 ^b

 Northeast

Ref

Ref

 Midwest

0.69 (0.52–0.90)

0.81 (0.51–1.30)

 South

0.97 (0.75–1.24)

0.93 (0.57–1.51)

 West

(0.78 (0.59–1.04)

0.79 (0.46–1.35)

Residence (%), n = 1,300 ^c

 Suburban

Ref

Ref

 Urban

1.27 (0.98–1.65)

1.42 (0.80–2.43)

 Rural

0.91 (0.73–1.12)

0.94 (0.64–1.38)

Employment (%), n = 1,300 ^d

 Employed

Ref

Ref

 Student/Unpaid work

1.27 (0.85–1.86)

1.54 (0.92–2.55)

 Not Work./Unemp

2.19 (1.78–2.78)

1.76 (1.09–2.80)

 Retired

0.57 (0.42–0.78)

0.21 (0.05–0.65)

Marital status (%), n = 1,300 ^e

 Married/cohabiting

Ref

Ref

 Single

1.04 (0.81–1.34)

1.34 (0.72–2.43)

 Divorced/separated/widowed

1.14 (0.86–1.50)

1.41 (0.76–2.58)

Education (%), n = 1,290 ^f

 Bachelor’s D. + 

Ref

Ref

 Some Col. / Assoc. D

1.25 (1.02–1.54)

1.42 (0.95–2.10)

 High School or less

1.51 (1.13–2.02)

2.25 (1.29–3.90)

Income (%), n = 1,168 ^g

 $100,000 or more

Ref

Ref

 $75,000 to less than $100,000

2.41 (1.69–3.46)

2.05 (1.21–3.49)

 $50,000 to less than $75,000

3.71 (2.61–5.30)

2.83 (1.63–4.91)

 $30,000 to less than $50,000

7.61 (5.41–10.83)

5.87 (3.35–10.37)

 Less than $30,000

16.46 (11.39–24.07)

10.61 (5.50–20.80)