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Table 1 Characteristics of 5,606 participants with data on household food insecurity in online COVID-19 survey

From: Food insecurity among households with children during the COVID-19 pandemic: results from a study among social media users across the United States

Variable

Whole sample

Households with children < 18YRS

All

n = 5,606

HFS n = 4,781

LFS

n = 486

VLFS

n = 339

p-value*

All

n = 1,452

HFS

n = 1,198

LFS

n = 149

VLFS

n = 105

p-value*

Sex (%)

    

0.081

    

0.068

 Female

58.5

57.9

62.6

61.1

 

62.2

60.9

69.9

66.7

 

 Male

41.5

42.1

37.4

38.9

 

37.8

39.1

30.1

33.3

 

Age (%)

    

 < 0.001

    

0.045

 18–38 years old

16.5

15.4

23.3

22.7

 

31.3

29.5

38.3

41

 

 40–59 years old

43.7

43.1

44.4

51.3

 

59.6

61.2

53

50.5

 

 60 + years old

39.8

41.5

32.3

26.0

 

9.2

9.3

12.8

14.3

 

Race (%)

    

0.001

    

0.004

 White, Non-Hispanic

92.9

93.4

90.7

88.5

 

91.7

92.8

87.2

85.7

 

 Non-Whitea

7.1

6.6

9.3

11.5

 

8.3

7.2

12.8

14.3

 

Region (%)

    

0.306

    

0.981

 Northeast

27.3

26.9

30.8

27.3

 

37.7

27.6

29.5

25.8

 

 Midwest

25.8

26.4

21.2

24.7

 

37.9

28

24.8

30.1

 

 South

27.3

27.0

28.2

28.9

 

34.9

24.9

24.8

25.8

 

 West

19.6

19.7

19.8

19.1

 

19.5

19.5

20.9

18.3

 

Residence (%)

    

 < 0.001

    

0.107

 Suburb

53.3

54.3

50.3

43.4

 

59.2

60.8

53.5

49.5

 

 Urban

15.2

14.4

19.4

20.4

 

10.6

10

11.6

16.1

 

 Rural

31.5

31.3

30.3

36.2

 

30.2

29.2

34.9

34.4

 

Employment (%)

    

 < 0.001

    

 < 0.001

 Employed

56.2

57.8

48.3

45.1

 

70.3

73.3

55

57

 

 Student/Unpaid work

5.5

5.0

7.7

9.5

 

12.4

11.2

17.1

19.4

 

 Not Work./Unemp

12.5

9.5

28.9

32.2

 

11.8

9.4

26.4

20.4

 

 Retired

25.7

27.7

15

13.2

 

5.5

6.1

1.6

3.2

 

Marital status (%)

    

 < 0.001

    

 < 0.001

 Married/cohabiting

74.1

74.9

69.3

69.0

 

84.6

87.7

73.6

64.5

 

 Single

25.9

25.1

30.7

31.0

 

7.0

5.4

13.2

17.2

 

 Divorced/separated/widowed

12.7

11.5

16.2

24.3

 

8.4

7.0

13.2

18.3

 

Education (%)

    

 < 0.001

    

 < 0.001

 High School or less

10.3

9.1

16.1

19.0

 

9.8

7.9

16.5

21.7

 

 Some Col. / Assoc. D

34.2

32.8

40.5

45.3

 

30.7

28.5

38.6

45.7

 

 Bachelor’s D. + 

55.5

58.1

43.4

35.7

 

59.5

63.6

44.9

32.6

 

Income (%)

    

 < 0.001

    

 < 0.001

 Less than $30,000

13.4

9.1

31.6

47

 

8.2

4.3

19.0

37.2

 

 $30,000 to less than $50,000

15.5

13.8

26.5

22.6

 

10.6

8.2

22.4

22.1

 

 $50,000 to less than $75,000

17.7

18.1

17

13.3

 

15.3

15.0

19.0

14.0

 

 $75,000 to less than $100,000

20.8

22.2

13.3

11.1

 

22.2

23.2

18.1

16.3

 

 $100,000 or more

32.7

36.8

11.7

5.9

 

43.7

49.3

21.6

10.5

 
  1. Suburb Suburban, Not Work/Unemp Not working or Unemployed, Som Col./ Assoc. D Some college or Associates Degree; Bachelor's D. + : Bachelor's degree or above
  2. aNon-white race included Asian/Pacific Islander, Black, Non-Hispanic, Hispanic/Latinx, Native American, multiracial or other,
  3. HFS: High/Marginal Food Security; LFS: Low Food Security: VLFS: Very Low Food Security
  4. *p-values calculated from Chi-squared tests