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Table 1 Characteristics of the study sample

From: Early life and socio-economic determinants of dietary trajectories in infancy and early childhood – results from the HSHK birth cohort study

Variables

Total Sample

Core Foods Trajectories a

Discretionary Foods Trajectories b

Group 1

(n = 264)

Group 2

(n = 426)

Group 3

(n = 244)

Group 1

(n = 364)

Group 2

(n = 419)

Group 3

(n = 151)

Maternal factors

Maternal age (n = 933) Mean ± SD

933 (31.22 ± 5.33)

264 (30.89 ± 5.18)

425 (30.86 ± 5.42)

244 (32.23 ± 5.22)

364 (31.63 ± 5.02)

418 (31.11 ± 5.19)

151 (30.58 ± 6.29)

Maternal marital status (n = 934)

 Living with partner

844 (90.36%)

232 (27.49%)

378 (44.79%)

234 (27.73%)

344 (40.76%)

374 (44.31%)

126 (14.93%)

 Single

90 (9.64%)

32 (35.56%)

48 (53.33%)

10 (11.11%)

20 (22.22%)

45 (50%)

25 (27.78%)

Maternal education (n = 934)

 University

404 (43.25%)

101 (25%)

172 (42.57%)

131 (32.433%)

204 (50.5%)

158 (39.11%)

42 (10.4%)

 College/TAFE

170 (18.20%)

40 (23.53)

99 (58.24%)

31 (18.24%)

71 (41.76%)

80 (47.06%)

19 11.18%)

 Completed 12

192 (20.56%)

72 (37.5%)

78 (40.62%)

42 (21.88%)

51 (26.56%)

100 (52.08%)

41 21.35%)

 Left school < 12

168 (18%)

51 (30.36%)

77 (45.83)

40 (23.81%)

38 (22.62%)

81 (48.21%)

49 29.17%)

Employment status (n = 932)

 Not working

826 (88.63%)

231 (27.97%)

380 (46%)

215 (26.03%)

324 (39.23%)

368 (44.55%)

134 (16.22%)

 Working

106 (11.37%)

32 (30.19%)

45 (42.45%)

29 (27.36%)

39 (36.79%)

50 (47.17%)

17 (16.04%)

Maternal country of birth (n = 934)

 Australia-born

437 (46.79%)

109 (24.94%)

220 (50.34%)

108 (24.71%)

174 (39.82%)

197 (45.08%)

66 (15.1%)

 English speaking country

60 (6.42%)

14 (23.33%)

32 (53.33%)

14 (23.33%)

26 (43.33%)

26 (43.33%)

8 (13.33%)

 Non-English-speaking country

437 (46.79%)

141 (32.27%)

174 (39.82%)

122 (27.92%)

164 (37.533%)

196 (44.85%)

77 (17.62%)

Number of children (n = 934)

 1

465 (49.79%)

116 (24.95%)

210 (45.16%)

139 (29.89%)

209 (44.95%)

192 (41.29%)

64 (13.766%)

 2

283 (30.30%)

85 (30.04%)

131 (46.29%)

67 (23.67%)

111 (39.22%)

131 (46.29%)

41 (14.49%)

  ≥ 3

186 (19.91%)

63 (33.87%)

85 (45.7%)

38 (20.43%)

44 (23.66%)

96 (51.61%)

46 (24.73%)

Index of relative socioeconomic advantage and disadvantage (n = 934)

 Deciles 9–10

221 (23.66%)

51 (23.08%)

104 (47.06%)

66 (29.86%)

113 (51.13%)

91 (41.18%)

17 (7.69%)

 Deciles 7–8

160 (17.13%)

46 (28.75%)

66 (41.25%)

48 (30%)

74 (46.25%)

66 (41.25%)

20 (12.5%)

 Deciles 5–6

30 (3.21%)

3 (10%)

22 (73.3%)

5 (16.67%)

11 (36.67%)

13 (43.33%)

6 (20%)

 Deciles 3–4

220 (23.55%)

68 (30.91%)

106 (48.18%)

46 (20.91%)

74 (33.64%)

105 (47.73%)

41 (18.64%)

 Deciles 1–2

303 (32.44%)

96 (31.68%)

128 (42.24%)

79 (26.07%)

92 (30.36%)

144 (47.52%)

67 (22.11%)

Child factors

Child gender (n = 934)

  Male

477 (51.07%)

133 (27.88%)

223 (46.75%)

121 (25.37%)

182 (38.16%)

205 (42.98%)

90 (18.87%)

  Female

457 (48.93%)

131 (28.67%)

203 (44.42%)

123 (26.91%)

182 (39.82%)

214 (46.83%)

61 (13.35%)

Duration of breastfeeding (n = 932) Mean ± SD

932 (29.56 ± 25.77)

264 (27.23 ± 27.37)

424 (28.29 ± 24.98)

244 (34.27 ± 24.81)

364 (34.36 ± 25.42)

417 (28.17 ± 26.07)

151 (21.84 ± 23.47)

Age of introduction of solid foods (n = 913)

   < 17 weeks

111 (12.16%)

25 (22.52%)

72 (64.86%)

14 (12.61%)

27 (24.32%)

47 (42.34%)

37 (33.33%)

  17-25 weeks

497 (54.44%)

136 (27.36%)

216 (43.46%)

145 (29.18%)

205 (41.25%)

216 (43.46%)

76 (15.29%)

   ≥ 26 weeks

305 (33.41%)

101 (33.11%)

120 (39.34%)

84 (27.54%)

130 (42.62%)

141 (46.23%)

34 (11.15%)

  1. a Core foods trajectories: Trajectory Group 1 - Lowest (Gradual increase with late decrease); Trajectory Group 2 - Medium (Rapid increase with late decrease); Trajectory Group 3 - Highest (Rapid increase with early decrease)
  2. b Discretionary foods trajectories: Trajectory Group 1 - Lowest (Low and gradual rising); Trajectory Group 2 - Medium (Moderate and gradual rising); Trajectory Group 3 - Highest (High and late declining)
  3. Index of relative socioeconomic advantage and disadvantage: deciles 9–10 = least disadvantaged; deciles 7–8 = low disadvantaged; deciles 5–6 = moderately disadvantaged; Deciles 3–4 = highly disadvantaged and deciles 1–2 = most disadvantaged
  4. a, b The total of the categories might not always add up to 934 due to missing or incomplete data for some items
  5. N: sample size