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Table 1 Participant characteristics across quartiles of FFR proportion in the 400 m buffera

From: Residential exposure to fast-food restaurants and its association with diet quality, overweight and obesity in the Netherlands: a cross-sectional analysis in the EPIC-NL cohort

 

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

N, (%)

2871 (34.9)

1240 (15.1)

2063 (25.1)

2057 (25.0)

Median FFR proportion

0.00 (0.00–0.00)

0.07 (0.06–0.09)

0.14 (0.13–0.17)

0.29 (0.22–0.34)

Age, y

70 ± 10

70 ± 11

71 ± 10

70 ± 10

Sex, n (%)

 Male

539 (18.8)

239 (19.3)

437 (21.2)

404 (19.6)

 Female

2332 (81.2)

1001 (80.7)

1626 (78.8)

1653 (80.4)

Household educational level, n (%)

 Low

901 (31.5)

408 (33.0)

653 (31.7)

622 (30.3)

 Moderate

730 (25.5)

283 (22.9)

482 (23.4)

515 (25.1)

 High

1229 (43.0)

547 (44.2)

923 (44.8)

916 (44.6)

Smoking, n (%)

 Current

192 (7.0)

86 (7.3)

145 (7.4)

125 (6.4)

 Former

1290 (47.4)

534 (45.6)

983 (50.2)

961 (49.2)

 Never

1242 (45.6)

552 (47.1)

831 (42.4)

868 (44.4)

BMI, kg/m2

25.5 ± 4.2

25.5 ± 4.4

25.5 ± 4.3

25.6 ± 4.1

Weight status

 Normal weight, n (%)

1434 (50.4)

612 (49.9)

1035 (50.8)

990 (48.7)

 Overweight, n (%)

1049 (36.9)

447 (36.5)

759 (37.2)

780 (38.4)

 Obesity, n (%)

360 (12.7)

167 (13.6)

244 (12.0)

262 (12.9)

Kcal/d

1,891 ± 634

1,901 ± 661

1,894 ± 627

1,888 ± 647

DHD-15 food groups, g/day

 Vegetables

117 (69–171)

124 (76–181)

118 (68–171)

119 (69–174)

 Fruit

165 (77–234)

187 (89–241)

156 (70–237)

149 (71–235)

 Wholegrain bread

71 (22–107)

70 (21–106)

70 (19–106)

70 (22–106)

 Legumes

6 (0–16)

6 (0–17)

9 (0–17)

6 (0–16)

 Nuts

6 (1–19)

7 (1–21)

6 (1–20)

7 (1–20)

 Dairy

266 (141–402)

268 (149–399)

263 (145–406)

254 (136–392)

 Fish

14 (7–29)

15 (7–36)

14 (5–29)

14 (7–36)

 Tea

340 (121–510)

340 (146–510)

340 (121–510)

340 (97–680)

 Butter and solid fats

0 (0–5)

0 (0–6)

0 (0–6)

0 (0–6)

 Oils and diet margarines

12 (3–32)

10 (3–31)

11 (3–30)

11 (3–30)

 Red meat

40 (19–74)

39 (19–74)

39 (17–76)

41 (18–77)

 Processed meat

25 (10–45)

23 (8–41)

23 (8–42)

22 (9–41)

 Sweetened beverages and fruit juices

75 (11–176)

58 (6–182)

71 (7–176)

63 (7–175)

Neighbourhood socioeconomic statusb

0.4 (-0.3; 0.9)

0.3 (-0.6; 1.1)

0.4 (-0.6; 1.1)

0.4 (-0.8; 1.1)

Level of urbanisationc, n (%)

Very low level of urbanisation

593 (21.0)

456 (39.2)

839 (41.3)

546 (27.1)

 Low level or urbanisation

924 (32.7)

273 (23.5)

609 (30.0)

723 (35.8)

 Moderate level of urbanisation

683 (24.2)

184 (15.8)

226 (11.1)

408 (20.2)

 High level of urbanisation

260 (9.2)

187 (16.1)

211 (10.4)

196 (9.7)

 Very high level or urbanisation

366 (13.0)

63 (5.4)

146 (7.2)

145 (7.2)

  1. aContinuous variables are presented as means (standard deviation) or as medians (p25 – p75)
  2. bHigher scores represent higher neighbourhood socioeconomic status
  3. cVery low level of urbanisation ≤ 500 addresses/km2; low level of urbanisation = 500–1000 addresses/ km2; moderate level of urbanisation = 1000–1500 addresses/ km2; high level of urbanisation = 1500–2000 addresses/ km2; very high level or urbanisation ≥ 2000 addresses/ km2. The following variables had missing data: smoking status (n = 422); level of urbanisation (n = 193); BMI (n = 92); household educational level (n = 22); neighbourhood socioeconomic status (n = 16)
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Nutrition Journal

ISSN: 1475-2891

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