Increased blood alpha-carotene, all-trans-Beta-carotene and lycopene levels are associated with beneficial changes in heart rate variability: a CVD-stratified analysis in an adult population-based study

Table 4 Sensitivity analysis for relationship between blood carotenoid levels and HRV

	LF-HRV			HF-HRV
Variables	Sβ	95% CI	P Value	Sβ	95% CI	P Value
Model 1
Blood alpha-carotene	0.078	0.023–0.132	0.005	0.077	0.023–0.132	0.006
Blood All trans-beta-carotene	0.115	0.060–0.169	< 0.001	0.114	0.060–0.168	< 0.001
Blood Total Lycopene	0.086	0.032–0.141	0.002	0.086	0.031–0.140	0.002
Model 2
Blood alpha-carotene	0.061	0.005–0.117	0.031	0.060	0.005–0.116	0.033
Blood All trans-beta-carotene	0.102	0.047–0.157	< 0.001	0.101	0.046–0.156	< 0.001
Blood Total Lycopene	0.069	0.013–0.124	0.016	0.068	0.012–0.124	0.016
Model 3
Blood alpha-carotene	0.058	0.002–0.113	0.042	0.057	0.001–0.113	0.044
Blood All trans-beta-carotene	0.098	0.043–0.154	< 0.001	0.098	0.042–0.153	0.001
Blood Total Lycopene	0.065	0.010–0.121	0.022	0.065	0.009–0.121	0.022

Model 1: Adjusted for age, gender and ever chronic respiratory diseases
Model 2: Adjusted for age, gender, race, BMI and ever chronic respiratory diseases
Model 3: Adjusted for age, gender, race, BMI, ever smoker, number of drinking years, exercise and ever chronic respiratory diseases
LF-HRV Low frequency-heart rate variability; HF-HRV High frequency heart rate variability

ISSN: 1475-2891