Variables | N (%) or M (IQR) |
---|---|
Age (years) | 53.00 (45.00–62.00) |
Gender (male), n (%) | 465 (43.3) |
Race (white), n (%) | 997 (92.8) |
BMI (kg/m2) | 28.51 (25.22–32.85) |
Ever smoker, n (%) | 506 (47.1) |
Number of drinking years | 6.00 (2.00–23.00) |
Frequency of exercises ≥3/ week, n (%) | 829 (77.2) |
LF-HRV (0.04–0.15 Hz) | 233.20 (104.82–452.88) |
HF-HRV (0.15–0.50 Hz) | 126.60 (56.23–289.83) |
Ever CVDs history | |
Heart disease, n (%) | 99 (9.2) |
Hypertension, n (%) | 380 (35.4) |
TIA or stroke, n (%) | 37 (3.4) |
Diabetes, n (%) | 132 (12.3) |
Ever chronic respiratory diseases | |
Asthma, n (%) | 138 (12.8) |
emphysema/COPD, n (%) | 34 (3.2) |
Blood analysis | |
Blood Total Lutein (umol/L) | 0.229 (0.159–0.339) |
Blood Zeaxanthin (umol/L) | 0.055 (0.039–0.083) |
Blood beta-cryptoxanthin (umol/L) | 0.163 (0.110–0.254) |
Blood 13-cis-beta-carotene (umol/L) | 0.054 (0.035–0.090) |
Blood alpha-carotene (umol/L) | 0.063 (0.031–0.115) |
Blood All trans-beta-carotene (umol/L) | 0.379 (0.205–0.716) |
Blood Total Lycopene (umol/L) | 0.409 (0.298–0.553) |
Blood gamma-tocopherol (umol/L) | 3.050 (1.920–4.960) |
Blood alpha-tocopherol (umol/L) | 25.840 (20.220–33.530) |
Blood Retinol (umol/L) | 1.660 (1.310–2.050) |
Hemoglobin A1c % | 5.82 (5.60–6.20) |
Fasting glucose levels mg/dL | 96.00 (90.00–105.00) |
Fasting insulin levels uIU/mL | 10.00 (6.00–17.00) |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 184.50 (160.00–212.00) |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 106.00 (77.00–156.25) |
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 53.00 (43.00–66.00) |
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 102.00 (81.00–128.00) |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.80 (0.70–1.00) |
C-reactive protein (ug/mL) | 1.39 (0.68–3.60) |