Skip to main content

Table 3 Changed in hepatic indicators, metabolic profile, inflammatory and total antioxidant levels vs. placebo

From: Effects of supplementation with main coffee components including caffeine and/or chlorogenic acid on hepatic, metabolic, and inflammatory indices in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial

Characteristic

Adjusted treatment differences (95%CI;p)

Chlorogenic acid+ caffeine vs placebo

Chlorogenic acid vs placebo

Caffeine vs placebo

Fibro score (KPa)

0.43(− 0.46 to 1.32; p = 0.3)

0.66 (− 0.21 to 1.53; P = 0.09)

0.24 (− 0.62 to1.12;P = 0.57)

CAP score (dB/m)

12.06(−7.3 to 31.46;P = 0.26)

13.07(−5.6 to 32.13; P = 0.2)

−7.45 (−26.48 to 11.57; P = 0.31)

CK-18 fragments (U/L)

−0.00(− 0.22 to 0.21; P = 0.42)

0.04(− 0.16 to 0.25; P = 0.85)

− 0.13(− 0.33 to 0.08;P = 0.17)

AST(U/L)

2.11(− 2.7 to 6.97;P = 0.37)

3.07(− 1.71 to 7.85; P = 0.13)

− 0.43 (− 5.19 to 4.34; P = 0.87)

ALT(U/L)

1.9(− 2.45 to 6.23;P = 0.62)

2.4(− 1.8 to 6.7;P = 0.17)

−0.12(− 4.4 to 4.13;P = 0.79)

GGT(U/L)

0.78(− 16.68 to 15.13;P = 0.94)

3.48(− 12.13to 19.1;P = 0.41)

8.55(− 7.05 to 24.16;P = 0.35)

Fasting glucose (mg/dl)

− 1.76(− 30.08 to 26.46; P = 0.97)

4.9(− 22.9 to 32.7; P = 0.74)

−2.99(− 30.77 to 24.78; P = 0.86)

HbA1C (%)

−0.25(− 1.21 to 0.71; P = 0.66)

0.04 (− 0.9 to 1;P = 0.98)

−0.55(− 1.5 to 0.39; P = 0.18)

Insulin (uIU/ml)

3.3(− 1.3 to 6.7; P = 0.01)

0.2(− 3.28 to 3.7; P = 0.67)

− 0.16(− 3.66 to 3.32; P = 0.71)

C-peptide (ng/ml)

0.04(− 0.27 to 0.36; P = 0.96)

− 0.03(− 0.35 to 0.28; P = 0.84)

−0.06(− 0.37 to 0.26; P = 0.51)

HOMA-IR score

0.4(− 0.62 to 1.42; P = 0.69)

0.01(− 0.99 to 1.01; P = 0.78)

−0.01(− 1.02 to 0.99; P = 0.91)

TG (mg/dl)

−10.56(− 140.54 to 119.42; P = 0.89)

46.17(−81.45 to 173.79; P = 0.65)

− 62.99(− 190.50 to 64.53; P = 0.17)

Cholesterol (mg/dl)

−9.43(− 29.7 to 10.83;P = 0.5)

−5.07(− 24.97 to14.82;P = 0.7)

−20.66(− 40 .55 to − 0.78; P = 0.04)

HDL (mg/dl)

−0.94(− 5.83 to 3.95; P = 0.79)

0.27(− 4.5 to 5.07; P = 0.89)

1.62(− 3.18 to 6.41; P = 0.52)

LDL (mg/dl)

−5.77(− 21.3 to 9.76; P = 0.49)

−5.58(20.98 to 9.81;P = 0.48)

−11.93(− 27.16 to 3.3; P = 0.12)

hs-CRP (mg/dl)

0.73(−2.61 to 4.08; P = 0.6)

− 1.64(− 4.93 to 1.64;P = 0.33)

0.02(− 3.25 to 3.31; P = 0.99)

TNF-α (pg/ml)

0.5(− 8.27 to 9.2; P = 0.83)

−4.96(− 13.33 to 3.4;P = 0.24)

−1.59(− 10.02 to 6.84; P = 0.96)

NF-KB (ng/mg protein)

−0.16(− 1.08 to 0.77; P = 0.68)

0.23(− 0.67 to 1.14; P = 0.9)

−0.23(− 0.93 to 0.88;P = 0.8)

Adiponectin (mg/L)

0.29(− 1.82 to 2.4; P = 0.92)

0.07(− 1.95 to 2.1; P = 0.86)

−2.43(− 4.47 to − 0.4;P = 0.06)

TAC (mmol/L)

0.00(− 0.04 to 0.05;P = 0.69)

−0.00(− 0.05 to 0.04; P = 0.92)

0.00(− 0.04 to 0.04;P = 0.79)

Cr (mg/dl)

−0.00(− 0.1 to 0.09; P = 0.84)

0.02(− 0.07 to 0.11; P = 0.63)

0.07(− 0.02 to 0.17;P = 0.12)

TSH (mIU/L)

−0.11(− 0.9 to 0.66; P = 0.32)

0.24(− 0.52 to 1.01; P = 0.85)

0.06(− 0.71 to 0.82;P = 0.75)

Weight (kg)

0.63(−6.33 to 7.59;p = 0.51)

2.36(−4.73 to 9.45;p = 0.63)

−3.39(− 10.49 to3.7;p = 0.38)

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

0.26(−6.93 to 7.45;P = 0.84)

1.02(− 6.04 to 8.08; P = 0.68)

−1.41(− 8.47 to 5.65; P = 0.83)

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

− 1.69(− 6.83 to 3.46; P = 0.59)

−1.27(− 6.32 to 3.78; P = 0.77)

−1.2(− 6.25 to 3.84; P = 0.83)

  1. aTukey significance difference test was used for post hoc multiple comparisons. Two-tailed P < 0.05 was considered significant
  2. Data not conforming to a normal distribution were log-transformed prior to parametric analysis. CAP -Score controlled attenuation parameter Score, CK-18 cytokeratin-18, AST aspartate aminotransferase, ALT alanine aminotransferase, GGT gamma-glutamyltransferase, HbA1c hemoglobinA1c, HOMA-IR homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance, TG Triglyceride, HDL high-density lipoprotein, LDL low-density lipoprotein, hs-CRP high-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein, TNF-α tumor necrosis factor-α, NF-κB nuclear factor kappa B, TAC total antioxidant capacity, Cr creatinine, TSH thyroid stimulating hormone