Table 1 Demographic characteristics, anthropometrics and use of ongoing medications of study population according to group of treatment at baseline
| Characteristic |
Placebo (n = 23) | Cholrogenic acid+ caffeine (n = 27) |
Cholrogenic acid (n = 25) |
Caffeine (n = 25) | Pvalue |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yr) | 44.17 ± 4.98 | 43.59 ± 5.51 | 44.88 ± 6.91 | 45.68 ± 5.07 | 0.58¥ |
| Male sex, No (%) | 15(65.2) | 17(63) | 19(76) | 17(68) | 0.76* |
| Known duration of diabetes (yr) | 4.05 ± 4.49 | 3.84 ± 3.65 | 4.37 ± 3.25 | 5.97 ± 5.27 | 0.22¥ |
| Number of current smokers (%) | 4(17.4) | 7(25.9) | 3(12) | 4(16) | 0.6* |
| Height (cm) | 170.91 ± 9.83 | 170.13 ± 9.74 | 172.48 ± 8.04 | 170.32 ± 9.76 | 0.8¥ |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 30.6 ± 3.1 | 31.26 ± 4.76 | 30.84 ± 3.28 | 29.59 ± 3.4 | 0.45¥ |
| Fat mass (kg) | 27.23 ± 7.16 | 28.9 ± 10.31 | 26.47 ± 6.94 | 24.74 ± 8.27 | 0.35¥ |
| FFM (kg) | 62.1 ± 11.29 | 61.48 ± 12.33 | 64.54 ± 10.95 | 60.58 ± 9.59 | 0.67¥ |
| Waist circumferences (cm) | 107.48 ± 9.12 | 108.91 ± 10.9 | 110.26 ± 9.5 | 104.6 ± 6.87 | 0.17¥ |
| REE (kcal) | 1833.37 ± 395.42 | 1859.59 ± 381.41 | 1865 ± 339.25 | 1750.09 ± 314.37 | 0.68¥ |
| Physical activity (METs h/day) | 30.52 ± 5.19 | 30.54 ± 4.08 | 32.18 ± 4.39 | 31.75 ± 3.94 | 0.43¥ |
| Medications, n(%) | |||||
| Metformin | 20(87) | 23(85) | 23(92) | 21(84) | 0.84* |
| DPP4 Inhibitors | 6(26.1) | 6(22.2) | 4(16) | 11(44) | 0.14* |
| Sulfonamide | 5(21.7) | 9(33.3) | 10(40) | 9(36) | 0.57* |
| Beta blocker+ABRS | 6(26.1) | 6(22.2) | 3(12) | 4(16) | 0.59* |
| Statin | 6(26) | 10(37) | 10(40) | 11(44) | 0.61* |
| Other lipid lowering gents | 0 | 3(11.1) | 2(8) | 1(4) | 0.38* |
| Aspirin | 3(13) | 2(7.4) | 2(8) | 4(16) | 0.72* |