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Table 2 The dietary quality scores based on different classification methods

From: A review of statistical methods for dietary pattern analysis

Classification Methods

Dietary Quality Scores

Based on dietary standards [8]

 Dietary guidelines

Healthy Eating Index (HEI) [11], Dietary Quality Index (DQI) [14], Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) [15], Dietary Lifestyle Index (DLI) [16]

 Dietary recommendations

Recommended Food Score [17] and Composite Diet Score [18, 19]

Based on dietary composition [20]

 Nutrients

Dietary Quality (DQ) [21] and the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) [22]

 Food or food group

Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) [23], Mediterranean Diet Serving Score (MDSS) [24], and Healthy Food Index (HFI) [25]

 Foods and nutrients

Diet Quality Index (DQI) [26], Healthy Eating Index (HEI) [11] and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) [27]

Based on populations [12]

Chinese Healthy Eating Index (CHEI) [28], Modified Food-Based Diet Quality Score for Japanese [29], Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women (MDD-W) [30], Mediterranean Diet Index for pregnant women (MDS-P) [31], Healthy Dietary Habits Score for Adolescents (HDHS-A) [32], Infant and Young Child Feeding Index (IYCFI) [33], and the Bone Mineral Density (BMD) diet score [34]