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Table 1 Weighted baseline characteristics of the study participants, NHANES III (N = 15,546)

From: Association of mushroom consumption with all-cause and cause-specific mortality among American adults: prospective cohort study findings from NHANES III

 

Participants, No.

Characteristic

No Mushroom Intake

(n = 15,002)

Mushroom Intake

(n = 544)

P value‡

Age, mean (SE)a, years

44.4 ± 0.4

42.9 ± 1.4

0.25

Gender %

  

0.90

 Men

6824 (45.8)

223 (46.3)

 

 Women

8178 (54.2)

321 (53.7)

 

Regions of United States (%) b

  

0.15

 Northeast

2050 (20.8)

66 (16.8)

 

 Midwest

2897 (24.1)

109 (22.3)

 

 South

6491 (34.0)

209 (33.4)

 

 West

3564 (21.1)

160 (27.5)

 

Place of residence %

  

0.31

 Urban

7325 (48.2)

267 (51.9)

 

 Rural

7677 (51.8)

277 (48.1)

 

Race-Ethnicity %

  

<0.0001

 Non-Hispanic White

6039 (75.6)

329 (87.1)

 

 Non-Hispanic Black

4214 (11.2)

82 (4.8)

 

 Mexican American

4149 (5.3)

114 (3.1)

 

 Others

600 (8.0)

19 (5.0)

 

Education attainment, years

12.2 ± 0.1

13.4 ± 0.2

<0.0001

Marital status %

  

0.22

 Married

8979 (64.4)

349 (66.7)

 

 Widowed/Divorced/Separated

3208 (17.6)

95 (13.4)

 

 Never married

2815 (17.9)

100 (19.9)

 

Body mass index (kg/m2) %

  

0.13

  < 24.9

6063 (45.9)

224 (43.8)

 

 25.0–29.9

5118 (31.7)

201 (37.6)

 

  ≥ 30.0

3821 (22.4)

119 (18.6)

 

Moderate to vigorous activity%

5364 (39.8)

221 (47.4)

0.007

Smoked 100+ cigarettes %

7334 (52.7)

257 (49.6)

0.23

Alcohol intake, g/d

8.6 ± 0.5

10.5 ± 1.3

0.19

Nutrients Intakes

 Energy intake, kcal/d

2040.3 ± 11.3

2215.1 ± 42.1

0.0002

 Fiber intake, (g)/1000 kcal/d

8.1 ± 0.1

8.6 ± 0.2

0.04

 Fat intake, (g)/1000 kcal/d

37.0 ± 0.2

39.1 ± 0.6

0.001

 Carbohydrate intake, (g)/1000 kcal/d

125.4 ± 0.7

118.4 ± 1.7

0.0002

 Healthy Eating Index-2000

63.8 ± 0.3

66.3 ± 0.8

0.001

Antioxidant micronutrients

 Vitamin E (mg)/1000 kcal/d)

4.4 ± 0.1

4.8 ± 0.2

0.01

 β-carotene (mcg)/1000 kcal/d)

1480.0 ± 38.2

1637.4 ± 117.6

0.22

 Vitamin C (mg)/1000 kcal/d)

52.6 ± 0.8

60.8 ± 3.5

0.03

 Copper (mg)/1000 kcal/d)

0.6 ± 0.01

0.7 ± 0.02

<0.0001

 Selenium (mcg)/1000 kcal/d)

56.3 ± 0.4

59.6 ± 1.7

0.05

  1. a, b All percentages and means ± SE are weighted for complex survey design to be nationally representative estimates. The focus should be on the survey-weighted proportions and means ± SE
  2. ‡For categorical variables, P-value was calculated by the Rao-Scott χ2 test. For continuous variables, P-value was calculated using a t-test
  3. SE: Standard Error
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Nutrition Journal

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