Table 2 General characteristics of study participants across tertiles of DPI

Age (years)

39 ± 14

42 ± 13

46 ± 13†

0.001

BMI (kg/m²)

26.3 ± 4

26 ± 3

26.1 ± 4

0.20

Males (%)

68

56.3

50.8

0.01

Married (%)

72.7

84.4

82

0.02

University graduated (%)

16.4

14.1

14.9

0.31

High-risk jobs ^a (%)

3.9

3.1

8.6

0.10

High-risk residential area ^b (%)

24.2

24.2

25

0.98

Duration of cell phone use (years)

3.8 ± 2.8

3.5 ± 2.4

2.5 ± 2.7†

0.04

History of exposure to the radiographic X-ray (%)

6.3

10.9

13.3

0.16

History of dental photography (%)

49.2

59.4

55.5

0.25

History of head trauma (%)

34.4

27.3

39.8

0.10

History of allergy (%)

21.9

29.7

32

0.16

History of hypertension (%)

2.3

3.9

6.3

0.29

Current smoker (%)

24.2

18

23.4

0.42

Frequent fried food intake ^c (%)

84.4

89.8

72.7

0.001

Frequent use of barbecue ^d (%)

16.4

15.6

7.8

0.08

Frequent microwave use (%)

18

18.8

9.4

0.07

Frequent canned foods intake (%)

8.6

3.1

6.3

0.18

Drug use (%)

3.9

3.1

10.9

0.01

Personal hair dye use (%)

22.7

39.1

42.2

0.002

Exposure to chemicals (%)

15.6

10.2

14.8

0.38

Family history of glioma (%)

9.4

13.3

7.8

0.32

Family history of cancer (%)

37.5

27.3

35.9

0.18

Supplement use (%)

13.3

12.5

13.3

0.97

Physical activity (METs)

32.8 ± 5.7

34 ± 5.2

35.5 ± 6.1†

0.001