Maternal factors associated with moderate and severe stunting in Ethiopian children: analysis of some environmental factors based on 2016 demographic health survey

Table 3 Proportional odds model analysis of maternal predictor factors of childhood stunting in Ethiopia, EDHS 2016 given in Odds ratio (OR) and 95% Confidence Interval (CI)

Characteristic	Categories	OR	95% CI	P value
Mother educational level	No education	3.316	[1.737, 6.330]	< 0.0001
	Primary	2.619	[1.391, 4.932]	0.003
	Secondary	1.416	[0.583, 3.439]	0.443
	Higher	1
Mother employment	Unemployed	0.768	[0.646, 0.912]	0.003
Mother employment	Employed	1
Mother’ autonomy	High	0.835	[0.703, .992]	0.040
	Middle	0.840	[0.733, .962]	0.012
	Low	1
Mother’s BMI (kg/m²)	Less than 18.5	3.265	[1.178, 9.053]	0.021
	> 25	2.303	[0.876, 6.053]	0.091
	18.5–25	1
Number of ANC visits before birth	1–3 visits	0.896	[0.804, 0.998]	0.040
	At least 4	0.763	[0.668, 0.870]	< 0.0001
	No ANC	1
Place of delivery	Home	1.327	[1.113, 1.581]	0.002
Place of delivery	Health facility	1
Mother’s height (cm)	< 150	2.559	[2.158, 3.035]	< 0.0001
	150–160	1.482	[1.320, 1.664]	< 0.0001
	> 160	1
Number of ANC visits (per visit)		0.934	[0.913, 0.956]	< 0.0001
Age at first birth (per year)		0.909	[0.857, 0.963]	0.001
Previous birth interval (per month)		0.991	[0.986, 0.997]	0.003
Maternal height (per cm)		0.995	[0.994, 0.996]	0.01
BMI^‡ in (kg/m²) (per unit)		0.959	[0.927, 0.992]	0.014
Maternal education (per year)		0.933	[0.876, 0.993]	0.028
Number of children (per child)		1.094	[1.014, 1.180]	0.041

ISSN: 1475-2891