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Table 2 Adjusted† OR and 95% CI of NPC with dietary fiber intake in Hong Kong, China, 2014–2017

From: Dietary fiber intake from fresh and preserved food and risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: observational evidence from a Chinese population

 

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Quartiles of intake

OR

95% CI

P for trend‡

Quartiles of intake

OR

95% CI

P for trend‡

Quartiles of intake

OR

95% CI

P for trend‡

All subjects

Mean

SD

               

(g/week)

1 (lowest)

2

3

4 (highest)

 

1 (lowest)

2

3

4 (highest)

 

1 (lowest)

2

3

4 (highest)

 

Total fiber intake

 age of 13–18 years

29.0

18.1

1 (Ref)

0.86

0.75

0.56

0.006

1 (Ref)

1.05

0.86

0.55

0.07

1 (Ref)

1.06

0.86

0.55

0.08

   

0.65–1.13

0.56–1.00

0.40–0.79

  

0.74–1.50

0.59–1.24

0.35–0.84

  

0.74–1.51

0.59–1.24

0.36–0.86

 

 age of 19–30 years

30.6

19.0

1 (Ref)

0.82

0.65

0.49

0.003

1 (Ref)

1.02

0.75

0.49

0.05

1 (Ref)

1.01

0.75

0.49

0.06

   

0.64–1.05

0.50–0.85

0.37–0.66

  

0.75–1.38

0.54–1.04

0.34–0.71

  

0.74–1.37

0.54–1.05

0.34–0.71

 

 10 years before recruitment

31.5

19.0

1 (Ref)

0.83

0.66

0.51

0.001

1 (Ref)

0.91

0.73

0.48

0.020

1 (Ref)

0.91

0.73

0.48

0.024

   

0.65–1.06

0.51–0.86

0.38–0.69

  

0.67–1.24

0.53–1.01

0.33–0.69

  

0.69–1.23

0.53–1.02

0.33–0.70

 

Sources

 From intake of fresh vegetables and fruits and soybean products

  age of 13–18 years

25.1

15.8

1 (Ref)

0.89

0.73

0.59

0.002

1 (Ref)

1.02

0.77

0.59

0.020

1 (Ref)

1.02

0.75

0.59

0.022

   

0.67–1.18

0.55–0.97

0.42–0.82

  

0.72–1.46

0.54–1.10

0.39–0.89

  

0.71–1.46

0.53–1.08

0.39–0.90

 

  age of 19–30 years

26.8

16.8

1 (Ref)

1.08

0.71

0.64

0.009

1 (Ref)

1.24

0.77

0.55

0.031

1 (Ref)

1.22

0.76

0.55

0.037

   

0.83–1.42

0.53–0.94

0.46–0.89

  

0.88–1.76

0.53–1.10

0.36–0.83

  

0.86–1.73

0.53–1.09

0.36–0.83

 

  10 years before recruitment

28.0

17.0

1 (Ref)

0.93

0.62

0.49

0.001

1 (Ref)

1.02

0.66

0.41

0.003

1 (Ref)

1.01

0.65

0.41

0.004

   

0.71–1.22

0.46–0.82

0.35–0.68

  

0.72–1.44

0.46–0.95

0.27–0.62

  

0.71–1.42

0.45–0.94

0.27–0.63

 

 From intake of preserved vegetables, fruits and condiments

  age of 13–18 years

3.9

5.2

1 (Ref)

1.02

1.11

1.16

0.33

1 (Ref)

0.92

1.38

1.33

0.13

1 (Ref)

0.91

1.38

1.34

0.13

   

0.76–1.37

0.83–1.49

0.84–1.60

  

0.64–1.34

0.95–1.99

0.88–2.01

  

0.62–1.31

0.95–2.00

0.89–2.04

 

  age of 19–30 years

3.8

5.2

1 (Ref)

1.14

1.31

1.01

0.74

1 (Ref)

1.05

1.53

1.10

0.83

1 (Ref)

1.04

1.54

1.12

0.82

   

0.87–1.49

1.01–1.70

0.76–1.34

  

0.75–1.46

1.11–2.12

0.77–1.57

  

0.75–1.46

1.11–2.13

0.78–1.60

 

  10 years before recruitment

3.5

4.8

1 (Ref)

1.24

1.39

1.12

0.92

1 (Ref)

1.25

1.57

1.26

1.00

1 (Ref)

1.24

1.57

1.28

0.99

   

0.95–1.62

1.07–1.81

0.85–1.49

  

0.90–1.74

1.13–2.19

0.88–1.80

  

0.89–1.73

1.13–2.18

0.89–1.83

 
  1. Abbreviation: OR Odds ratio; CI Confidence interval; SD Standard deviation; g Gram; ref. Reference group; EBV VCA-IgA, IgA against Epstein-Barr virus viral capsid antigen VCA
  2. † Model 1: adjusted for sex and 5-year age group (frequency match), and socioeconomic status score (range: −1 [lowest] to 13 [highest], calculated by the subject’s, and his/her father’s and mother’s education, housing type at age 10, personal income and household income), smoking and drinking status (never/ever), occupational hazards (never/ever), family history of cancer (none/NPC/other cancers), consumption of salted fish (never/ever), and total energy intake (residual method) as appropriate
  3. Model 2: Model 1 + EBV VCA-IgA (seronegative/seropositive)
  4. Model 3: Model 1 + EBV VCA-IgA (seronegative/seropositive) + duration of sun exposure (< 2/2- < 5/5- < 8/8h hours/day) and circulating levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (< 37.5/37.5 < 75/≥75 nmol/L)
  5. ‡ Test for trend was examined for a model that included continuous fiber variables