The effects of flaxseed supplementation on metabolic status in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized open-labeled controlled clinical trial

Table 2 Energy and macronutrients intake in the intervention and control groups before and after the intervention

Variable	Flaxseed group (n = 21)	Control group (n = 20)	P₁-value
Energy (kcal)
Before	1935.27 ± 488.7	1679.99 ± 316	0.093
After	1868.52 ± 462.86	1700.22 ± 313.41	0.168
P₂-value	0.097	0.582
Carbohydrate (g)
Before	272.37 ± 68.83	234.89 ± 59.27	0.131
After	249.29 ± 70.95	242.60 ± 49.03	0.720
P₂-value	0.006	0.274
Protein (g)
Before	84.39 ± 75.93	72.99 ± 22.86	0.179
After	60.93 ± 14.96	62.09 ± 14.69	0.073
P₂-value	0.179	0.705
Fat (g)
Before	62.72 ± 18.57	54.46 ± 11.94	0.097
After	63.27 ± 19.68	56.65 ± 13.83	0.208
P₂-value	0.865	0.378
PUFA (g)
Before	16.33 ± 6.03	14.73 ± 3.91	0.338
After	16.46 ± 5.32	15.19 ± 2.91	0.343
P₂-value	0.849	0.471
MUFA (g)
Before	23.24 ± 6.57	19.84 ± 4.7	0.054
After	23.88 ± 6.62	20.53 ± 5.93	0.088
P₂-value	0.620	0.552
SFA (g)
Before	17.7 ± 9.15	15.48 ± 5.6	0.397
After	16.89 ± 7.58	16.14 ± 6.38	0.725
P₂-value	0.591	0.499

SFA, saturated fatty acid; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acid; MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acids. The data have been expressed as mean ± SD. P1: between-group comparison of the variables; independent sample t-test (for energy and dietary protein, fat, PUFA, MUFA, and SFA) and Mann–Whitney U test (for dietary carbohydrate). P2: within-group comparison of the variables; paired sample t-test (for energy and dietary protein, fat, PUFA, MUFA, and SFA intake) and Wilcoxon signed-rank test (for dietary carbohydrate)

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