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Table 2 The results from 17 studies included in this systematic review and meta-analysis (− 2020)

From: Dietary patterns and chronic kidney disease risk: a systematic review and updated meta-analysis of observational studies

Author/Publication Year

Countries/areas

Results

Mazidi et al. 2018 [12]

United states

Vitamins and trace elements intake are associated with lower risk of prevalent CKD.

Shi et al. 2018 [13]

China

Traditional southern dietary pattern is positively associated, and modern dietary pattern is inversely associated, with CKD among Chinese adults.

Xu et al. 2020 [19]

China

The Western pattern is associated with an increased risk, whereas the grains-vegetables pattern is associated with a reduced risk for CKD.

Yuzbashian et al. 2018 [25]

Iran

Higher adherence to the low-sodium DASH-style diet might be associated with a lower risk of incident CKD among high-risk adults.

Kurniawan et al. 2019 [26]

China (Taiwan)

The RRR-derived kidney function-related dietary pattern, characterized by high intake of processed and animal foods and low intake of plant foods, predicts the risks for developing cardiovascular disease and moderately/severely impaired kidney function among middle-aged and older adults.

Eimery et al. 2020 [27]

Iran

Higher adherence to the healthy dietary pattern may improve renal function while Iranian traditional pattern was associated with significantly increased odds of incident CKD and albuminuria.

Asghari et al. 2018 [28]

Iran

The high fat, high sugar dietary pattern was associated with significantly increased (46%) odds of incident CKD, whereas a lacto-vegetarian dietary pattern may be protective against the occurrence of CKD by 43%.

Paterson et al. 2018 [29]

United Kingdom

An unhealthy dietary pattern was associated with lower renal function and greater prevalence of chronic kidney disease.

Lara et al. 2019 [30]

United states

Adherence to a plant-based dietary pattern was inversely associated with eGFR< 60 ml/min/1.73m2, whereas the Southern dietary pattern was positively associated with eGFR< 60 ml/min/1.73m2.

Hu et al. 2019 [31]

United states

Higher adherence to healthy dietary patterns during middle age was associated with lower risk of CKD.

Rouhani Hossein et al. 2019 [32]

Iran

high fat dietary pattern was directly associated with progression of CKD.

Huang et al. 2013 [33]

Sweden

Adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern is associated with lower likelihood of CKD in elderly men.

Hu et al. 2020 [34]

United states

Consuming a low or moderate amount of alcohol may lower the risk of developing CKD

Koning et al. 2015 [35]

Netherlands

Alcohol consumption was inversely associated with the risk of developing CKD.

Sato et al. 2014 [36]

Japan

Among middle-aged Japanese men, the people who drank middle-range quantity, specifically who drank 4–7 days/week, had lower risk of CKD than nondrinkers.

Okada et al. 2019 [37]

Japan

Serum uric acid level and daily alcohol consumption were independently associated with the risk of CKD. Nondrinkers with the highest serum uric acid level had the highest risk of CKD

Foster et al. 2015 [38]

United kingdom

No associations were observed with physical activity, smoking status, or alcohol intake with incident eGFR < 60 or rapid eGFR decline (all p >  0.19).