|
Nutrient intake
|
|
Energy, kcal/d
|
2030 ± 686a
|
2027 ± 631
|
1949 ± 576
|
2020 ± 599
|
0.0002
|
|
% Energy from carbohydrate
|
76.1 ± 5.6
|
73.7 ± 5.5
|
72.8 ± 5.8
|
68.1 ± 7.0
|
< 0.0001
|
|
% Energy from fat
|
11.2 ± 4.5
|
12.5 ± 4.6
|
12.9 ± 4.8
|
15.9 ± 5.5
|
< 0.0001
|
|
% Energy from total protein
|
12.0 ± 2.1
|
12.2 ± 2.1
|
12.4 ± 2.2
|
14.0 ± 2.6
|
< 0.0001
|
|
% Energy from plant protein
|
8.3 ± 1.3
|
8.1 ± 1.2
|
7.9 ± 1.1
|
7.5 ± 1.2
|
< 0.0001
|
|
% Energy from animal protein
|
3.7 ± 2.2
|
4.2 ± 2.3
|
4.5 ± 2.3
|
6.5 ± 3.0
|
< 0.0001
|
|
Dietary fiber, g/d
|
19.2 ± 6.9
|
13.8 ± 4.4
|
11.9 ± 4.4
|
10.8 ± 4.0
|
< 0.0001
|
|
Phosphorous, mg/d
|
959.5 ± 178.9
|
942.4 ± 167.0
|
935.6 ± ±174.2
|
994.0 ± 186.5
|
0.0007
|
|
Potassium, mg/d
|
2995 ± 567
|
2446 ± 402
|
2219 ± 411
|
2149 ± 416
|
< 0.0001
|
|
Calcium, mg/d
|
531.9 ± 190.5
|
476.8 ± 158.9
|
447.9 ± 164.4
|
444.4 ± 164.7
|
< 0.0001
|
|
Magnesium, mg/d
|
178.0 ± 58.4
|
147.2 ± 48.8
|
135.8 ± 50.5
|
136.2 ± 48.9
|
< 0.0001
|
|
Food group consumption, g/d
|
|
Grains and grain products
|
743.0 ± 251.6
|
794.3 ± 245.4
|
790.1 ± 243.4
|
771.1 ± 227.9
|
0.0027
|
|
Rice
|
663.6 ± 234.9
|
696.0 ± 220.7
|
692.3 ± 229.9
|
650.2 ± 201.4
|
0.8833
|
|
Vegetables
|
495.3 ± 248.3
|
337.5 ± 156.8
|
252.6 ± 127.9
|
224.4 ± 124.8
|
< 0.0001
|
|
Fruits
|
407.6 ± 395.2
|
207.4 ± 182.5
|
145.0 ± 133.5
|
118.9 ± 107.6
|
< 0.0001
|
|
Meat
|
40.6 ± 39.9
|
49.3 ± 47.8
|
50.9 ± 45.8
|
85.5 ± 73.5
|
< 0.0001
|
|
Fish and shellfish
|
32.4 ± 32.6
|
35.9 ± 37.9
|
37.6 ± 34.5
|
57.7 ± 51.0
|
< 0.0001
|
|
Milk and dairy products
|
111.0 ± 139.6
|
114.0 ± 133.5
|
107.9 ± 118.1
|
99.8 ± 115.8
|
0.0079
|
|
Soft drinks
|
19.5 ± 49.3
|
23.3 ± 52.2
|
22.9 ± 48.1
|
29.7 ± 51.4
|
0.0215
|
