Table 1 Characteristics of participants in the HWCSa according to their soft drinks’ intake at baseline 2004–2006 (n = 1445)
Characteristics | Consumption level | ||
|---|---|---|---|
< 1 per week | 1–4 per week | > 5 per week | |
n = 361 (25.0%) | n = 770 (53.3%) | n = 314 (21.7%) | |
Sex, % | |||
Women | 88.4 | 76.6 | 58.3 |
Men | 11.6 | 23.4 | 41.7 |
Age (years)b | 46.4 ± 12.5 | 43.9 ± 12.6 | 42.8 ± 12.0 |
Education, % | |||
Middle school or less | 24.4 | 25.6 | 27.4 |
High school | 16.6 | 25.6 | 25.2 |
≥ College | 55.4 | 46.6 | 45.9 |
Missing | 3.6 | 2.2 | 1.6 |
Weight (kg)c | 61.3 (55.6–68.6) | 65.0 (58.1–73.1) | 68.7 (58.8–78.0) |
Body mass index (kg/m2)b | 25.5 ± 4.0 | 26.4 ± 4.0 | 26.7 ± 4.5 |
Body mass index categories, % | |||
Normal | 52.8 | 37.6 | 38.2 |
Overweight | 35.3 | 45.1 | 40.5 |
Obesity | 11.9 | 17.3 | 21.3 |
Waist circumference (cm)c | 85 (79–94) | 89 (82–97) | 91 (84–99) |
Abdominal obesity, % | 68.7 | 73.8 | 73.2 |
Missing | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.9 |
Leisure-time physical activity (hrs. Per week)b | 1.5 (0.4–4.6) | 1.5 (0.4–3.9) | 1.5 (0.2–4.3) |
Active (≥ 150 min/week), % | 42.7 | 37.8 | 35.1 |
Family history of diabetes, % | |||
No | 40.8 | 39.9 | 42.3 |
Yes | 52.5 | 52.6 | 53.2 |
Unknown | 6.7 | 7.6 | 4.5 |
Fasting glucose (mg/dL)b | 88.2 ± 9.3 | 89.7 ± 10.4 | 91.2 ± 11.6 |
Hypertension, % | 16.9 | 15.9 | 17.1 |
Total energy intake (kcal/d)b | 2008 ± 862 | 2100 ± 835 | 2437 ± 903 |
Smoking, % | |||
Never | 62.3 | 55.6 | 44.9 |
Former | 22.2 | 24.3 | 26.8 |
Current | 10.8 | 16.6 | 27.4 |
Missing | 4.7 | 3.5 | 1.9 |
Alcohol intake (g/d)c | 0.8 (0.04–2.0) | 1.0 (0.3–4.0) | 1.7 (0.6–6.8) |
Alcohol intake categories, % | |||
Tertile 1 (< 0.6 g/d) | 45.7 | 32.3 | 26.1 |
Tertile 2 (0.6–2.4 g/d) | 33.0 | 34.2 | 29.6 |
Tertile 3 (> 2.4 g/d) | 21.3 | 33.5 | 44.3 |