A latent class analysis of dietary behaviours associated with metabolic syndrome: a retrospective observational cross-sectional study

Table 5 Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval for metabolic syndrome in association with latent classes and covariates

Variable	Odds ratio	95% confidence interval	P-value
Class 1: healthy but unbalanced eaters	Ref
Class 2: irregular, unhealthy eaters	1.12	0.54, 2.34	0.761
Class 3: emotional eaters	2.88	1.16, 7.13	0.012
Age 20–39 years	Ref
Age 40–59 years	1.04	0.31, 3.54	0.946
Age > 60 years	1.37	0.34, 5.45	0.657
Male	Ref
Female	0.94	0.35, 2.55	0.903
BMI 23–25 kg/m²	Ref
BMI > 25 kg/m²	2.62	1.00, 6.89	0.051
Liver enzymes < 40 mg/dL	Ref
Liver enzymes 40–120 mg/dL	1.81	0.89, 3.73	0.108
Liver enzymes > 120 mg/dL	5.21	1.47, 18.52	0.010
Non-smoker	Ref
Ex-smoker	0.94	0.33, 2.64	0.901
Current smoker	3.03	1.04, 8.83	0.042
No drinking	Ref
Drinking	0.58	0.25, 1.32	0.193
Regular exercise	Ref
No exercise	1.35	0.65, 2.79	0.415

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