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Table 1 Eligibility criteria of original studies included in this review according to the population, indicator, comparator, outcomes, and study design (PICOS) format.

From: Diet quality indices and their associations with health-related outcomes in children and adolescents: an updated systematic review

 

Inclusion criteria

Exclusion criteria

Population

children and adolescents aged 0–18 years old or sample mean age of ≤18 years old

DQI applied to household or menu

Indicatora

1) Reported the development of an a-priori DQI,

2) Assessed the validity or reliability of an a-priori DQI, and/or

3) Reported prospective health-outcomes according to an a-priori DQI

DQI reflecting only part of a guideline (e.g. fruit/vegetables only), DQI was not a-priori (e.g. diet diversity scores or food variety scores which do not score according to a pre-established diet or nutrient guideline), or lifestyle indices.

Comparator

Not applicable

Not applicable

Outcomesa

1) Scoring structure and characteristics

2) Concurrent, predictiveb, or content validity; inter-rater reliability

3) Physical health, mental health, or growth-related outcomes

Physical health, mental health, or growth-related outcomes measured cross-sectionally

Study designa

1) Any original research study design

2) Diagnostic accuracy studies

3) Prospective observational studiesb

Review studies, abstracts, and non-peer reviewed papers.

  1. aIndicator, Outcomes, and Study design are different for each research question (1, 2, and 3 respectively).
  2. bIt should be acknowledged that there is overlap between these two eligibility criteria. Prospective health outcomes are frequently used as a measure of predictive validity. Any instance where prospective health outcomes were examined for the purposes of evaluating predictive validity was eligible for inclusion in aim 2 and included in this study as assessing DQI validity