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Table 3 Odds ratios (95% CI) for MUO phenotype and cardio-metabolic risk factors according to tertiles of the DASH score

From: Dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) score and obesity phenotypes in children and adolescents

Obesity Phenotype or Risk Factor

Tertiles of the DASH score

P for trend*

T1 (n = 144)

T2 (n = 93)

T3 (n = 104)

Median

20

25

29

 

MUO based on risk factors

 Cases (%)

94 (65.3)

56 (60.2)

62 (59.6)

 

  Model 1

Ref

0.80 (0.47–1.38)

0.78 (0.47–1.32)

0.336

  Model 2

Ref

0.81 (0.46–1.41)

0.72 (0.42–1.25)

0.235

  Model 3

Ref

0.79 (0.45–1.39)

0.68 (0.38–1.20)

0.180

MUO based on HOMA-IR

 Cases (%)

71 (49.3)

38 (40.9)

39 (37.5)

 

  Model 1

Ref

0.71 (0.42–1.20)

0.62 (0.37–1.03)

0.056

  Model 2

Ref

0.66 (0.38–1.15)

0.51 (0.30–0.88)

0.013

  Model 3

Ref

0.66 (0.37–1.15)

0.49 (0.28–0.87)

0.013

High blood pressure

 Cases (%)

29 (20.3)

26 (28.3)

25 (24.0)

 

  Model 1

Ref

1.55 (0.84–2.85)

1.24 (0.68–2.28)

0.394

  Model 2

Ref

1.89 (0.97–3.69)

1.35 (0.70–2.62)

0.271

  Model 3

Ref

1.79 (0.91–3.52)

1.20 (0.60–2.41)

0.467

High triglycerides

 Cases (%)

66 (45.8)

43 (46.2)

47 (45.2)

 

  Model 1

Ref

1.02 (0.60–1.72)

0.97 (0.59–1.62)

0.934

  Model 2

Ref

0.97 (0.56–1.66)

0.90 (0.53–1.52)

0.694

  Model 3

Ref

1.00 (0.58–1.72)

0.94 (0.54–1.62)

0.823

Low HDL-C

 Cases (%)

30 (20.8)

21 (22.6)

17 (16.3)

 

  Model 1

Ref

1.11 (0.59–2.08)

0.74 (0.38–1.43)

0.449

  Model 2

Ref

1.10 (0.58–2.08)

0.75 (0.39–1.47)

0.479

  Model 3

Ref

1.20 (0.63–2.31)

0.90 (0.44–1.81)

0.874

High fasting blood glucose

 Cases (%)

31 (21.5)

15 (16.1)

14 (13.5)

 

  Model 1

Ref

0.70 (0.36–1.38)

0.57 (0.28–1.13)

0.093

  Model 2

Ref

0.68 (0.34–1.37)

0.57 (0.28–1.15)

0.099

  Model 3

Ref

0.70 (0.35–1.41)

0.57 (0.27–1.19)

0.116

Abdominal obesity

 Cases (%)

132 (92.3)

83 (93.3)

94 (92.2)

 

  Model 1

Ref

1.15 (0.41–3.24)

0.98 (0.38–2.53)

0.999

  Model 2

Ref

1.03 (0.33–3.23)

0.70 (0.24–1.98)

0.534

  Model 3

Ref

0.90 (0.28–2.94)

0.43 (0.13–1.41)

0.201

  1. CI confidence interval, MUO metabolically unhealthy overweight/obese, DASH Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, HOMA-IR homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
  2. Model 1: Crude
  3. Model 2: Adjusted for sex, puberty status, physical activity, BMI z-score, and passive smoking
  4. Model 3: Adjusted for sex, puberty status, physical activity, BMI z-score, passive smoking, energy intake, saturated fatty acids intake, and monounsaturated fatty acids intake
  5. *Based on logistic regression model using median scores of the DASH-style diet in each tertile as a continuous variable
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Nutrition Journal

ISSN: 1475-2891

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