Table 1 . Characteristics of participants according to tertiles of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score.

Age (y)

9.6 ± 1.8

9.0 ± 1.7

9.2 ± 1.6

Boys (%)

57.6

49.5

48.1

Obesity (%)

66.0

72.0

70.2

Body mass index Z-score

2.6 ± 0.7

2.6 ± 0.7

2.5 ± 0.6

Waist circumference (cm)

82.3 ± 10.0

80.4 ± 9.6

79.6 ± 8.8

Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL)

92.0 ± 8.9

99.8 ± 9.1

88.9 ± 8.8

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL)

49.1 ± 12.0

50.5 ± 12.3

49.8 ± 11.2

Insulin (mIU/L)

13.6 (9.9–19.5)

12.1 (8.2–18.5)

11.0 (7.3–17.7)

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

105.0 (95.0–115.0)

105.0 (91.5–115.0)

105.0 (98.5–115.0)

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

63.0 (60.0–70.0)

70.0 (60.0–74.0)

60.0 (60.0–70.0)

Triglycerides (mg/dL)

106.5 (75.2–138.8)

105.0 (75.5–148.0)

103.0 (76.0–140.8)

Prepuberty status (%)

19.4

18.3

12.5

Physical activity (MET hr./wk)

8.9 (2.5–23.9)

7.0 (1.6–19.5)

9.6 (3.0–24.2)

Passive smoking (%)

31.3

31.2

22.1