Table 2 Changes in nutrient and energy intake among study population over the four waves
Wave1 (2006–2008) | Wave2 (2009–2011) | Wave3 (2012–2014) | Wave4 (2015–2017) | P for trend | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Energy (Kcal) | 2383 ± 19.8 | 2518 ± 27.3 | 2396 ± 24.6 | 2282 ± 30.3 | 0.370 |
Carbohydrate (% of energy) | 57.2 ± 0.1 | 58.7 ± 0.2 | 58.9 ± 0.1 | 59.7 ± 0.1 | < 0.001 |
Protein (% of energy) | 13.6 ± 0.0 | 14.8 ± 0.0 | 14.6 ± 0.0 | 15.1 ± 0.1 | < 0.001 |
Fat (% of energy) | 31.6 ± 0.1 | 29.8 ± 0.1 | 29.6 ± 0.1 | 29.1 ± 0.1 | < 0.001 |
Saturated fatty acid (% of energy) | 10.6 ± 0.1 | 9.8 ± 0.0 | 9.5 ± 0.0 | 9.3 ± 0.0 | < 0.001 |
Monounsaturated fatty acid (% of energy) | 11.0 ± 0.0 | 9.9 ± 0.0 | 9.8 ± 0.0 | 9.8 ± 0.0 | < 0.001 |
Polyunsaturated fatty acid (% of energy) | 6.6 ± 0.0 | 5.9 ± 0.0 | 5.9 ± 0.0 | 5.8 ± 0.0 | < 0.001 |
Sodium (mg/1000Kcal) | 2006 ± 31.9 | 1529 ± 12.3 | 1537 ± 11.4 | 1556 ± 12.2 | < 0.001 |
Dietary fiber (gr/1000Kcal) | 16.2 ± 0.1 | 19.4 ± 0.2 | 18.3 ± 0.1 | 19.5 ± 0.2 | < 0.001 |
Total sugar (gr/1000Kcal) | 52.6 ± 0.3 | 53.0 ± 0.3 | 54.0 ± 0.3 | 55.0 ± 0.3 | 0.166 |