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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of 16,558 participants according to baseline potassium intake quintiles

From: Potassium intake, skeletal muscle mass, and effect modification by sex: data from the 2008–2011 KNHANES

  

Dietary Potassium Intake

 
 

Total

Quintile 1

Quintile 2

Quintile 3

Quintile 4

Quintile 5

P value

N (%)

16,558

3311 (20)

3312 (20)

3311 (20)

3312 (20)

3312 (20)

 

Age, years

50 ± 16

54 ± 19

50 ± 17

49 ± 16

48 ± 15

48 ± 14

< 0.001

Male, %

40

23

32

41

48

59

< 0.001

Hypertension, %

33

38

33

32

30

30

< 0.001

Diabetes, %

10

12

10

9

9

10

< 0.001

Body weight, kg

62 ± 11

58 ± 11

60 ± 11

62 ± 11

63 ± 11

65 ± 11

< 0.001

Height, cm

162 ± 9

158 ± 9

160 ± 9

162 ± 9

163 ± 9

165 ± 9

< 0.001

Body mass index, kg/m2

24 ± 3

23 ± 4

23 ± 3

24 ± 3

24 ± 3

24 ± 3

< 0.001

Weight training, days/week

1.0 (1.0–1.0)

1.0 (1.0–1.0)

1.0 (1.0–1.0)

1.0 (1.0–1.0)

1.0 (1.0–2.0)

1.0 (1.0–3.0)

< 0.001

Physical activity, %

      

< 0.001

 High

15

11

15

14

16

20

 

 Moderate

9

8

8

8

8

10

 

 Other

76

81

77

78

76

70

 

Current smoker, %

30

25

26

30

33

39

< 0.001

ASM, kg

16.2 (13.8–20.9)

14.6 (12.9–17.2)

15.4 (13.5–19.2)

16.3 (13.9–20.7)

17.4 (14.3–21.9)

19.6 (15.1–23.3)

< 0.001

SMI, kg/m2

6.6 ± 1.2

6.2 ± 1.0

6.4 ± 1.1

6.6 ± 1.2

6.8 ± 1.2

7.0 ± 1.2

< 0.001

WBC, cells/μL

6.0 ± 1.7

6.1 ± 1.7

6.0 ± 1.7

6.0 ± 1.6

6.0 ± 1.6

6.1 ± 1.7

0.115

Hemoglobin, g/dL

13.8 ± 1.6

13.4 ± 1.5

13.6 ± 1.5

13.8 ± 1.6

14.0 ± 1.6

14.3 ± 1.5

< 0.001

Total cholesterol, mg/dL

188 ± 36

189 ± 37

188 ± 36

187 ± 36

188 ± 36

188 ± 35

0.357

eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2

96 ± 17

93 ± 19

96 ± 17

97 ± 17

97 ± 16

96 ± 15

< 0.001

Protein intake, g/day

1.0 (0.7–1.4)

0.6 (0.4–0.7)

0.8 (0.7–1.0)

1.0 (0.8–1.3)

1.2 (1.0–1.5)

1.6 (1.2–2.0)

< 0.001

Potassium intake, g/day

2.7 (1.9–3.7)

1.4 (1.1–1.6)

2.1 (1.9–2.2)

2.7 (2.5–2.9)

3.5 (3.2–3.7)

4.9 (4.4–5.8)

< 0.001

Energy intake, kcal/day

1760

(1351–2287)

1133

(874–1389)

1509

(1266–1776)

1767

(1502–2079)

2080

(1746–2477)

2598

(2143–3252)

< 0.001

  1. Note: values for categorical variables are shown as percentages; values for continuous variables, as mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range)
  2. Conversion factors for units: to convert hemoglobin from g/dL to g/L multiply by 10; to convert total cholesterol from mg/dL to mmol/L multiply by 0.0259
  3. High physical activity was defined as ≥20 min at a time of vigorous-intensity activity on at least three days per week. Moderate physical activity was defined as ≥30 min at a time of moderate-intensity activity on at least five days per week. Other physical activity was defined as all remaining intensities and volumes of activity
  4. Abbreviations: ASM, appendicular skeletal muscle mass; SMI, skeletal muscle mass index; WBC, white blood cell count; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate
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Nutrition Journal

ISSN: 1475-2891

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