Table 1 Characteristics of included studies
First author, year | Study design | Study period, area | Study population, age | Sample size | Exposure measures | Health outcome | Outcome measures | Comparison | Effect size (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rico-Campà , 2019 [24] | Prospective cohort study | 1999–2014, Spain | University graduates, 20-91y | 19,899 | FFQ | All-cause mortality | Medical records, database | Q4 vs. Q1 | HR: 1.62 (1.13, 2.33) |
Schnabel, 2019 [25] | Prospective cohort study | 2009–2017, France | Adults participants, ≥45y | 44,551 | Dietary records, interview, biomarkers | All-cause mortality | Clinical data | Q4 vs. Q1 | HR: 1.25 (0.99, 1.57) |
Blanco-Rojo, 2019 [26] | Prospective cohort study | 2008–2016, Spain | Adult participants, ≥18y | 11,898 | Questionnaire | All-cause mortality | Computerized search | Q4 vs. Q1 | HR: 1.44 (1.01, 2.07) |
Kim, 2019 [27] | Prospective cohort study | 1988–2011, USA | Adult participants, ≥20y | 11,898 | Dietary records, questionnaire | All-cause mortality Cardiovascular disease mortality | Database | Q4 vs. Q1 | HR: 1.30 (1.08, 1.57) HR: 1.13 (0.74, 1.71) |
Srour, 2019 [28] | Prospective cohort study | 2009–2018, France | Adult participants, ≥18y | 105,159 | Dietary records, interview, biomarkers | All cardiovascular diseases Coronary heart diseases Cerebrovascular diseases | Questionnaire, medical records, database | Q4 vs. Q1 | HR: 1.23 (1.04, 1.45) HR: 1.18 (0.93, 1.52) HR: 1.23 (1.00, 1.53) |
Mendonça, 2017 [29] | Prospective cohort study | 1999–2015, Spain | University graduates, 20-91y | 14,790 | FFQ | Hypertension | Self-reported, clinical data | T3 vs. T1 | HR: 1.21 (1.06, 1.37) |
Melo, 2018 [41] | Cross-sectional study | 2012, Brazil | 9th graders, NC | 109,104 | Questionnaire | Asthma Wheezing | Questionnaire | Q5 vs. Q1 | OR: 1.27 (1.15, 1.41) OR: 1.42 (1.35, 1.50) |
Schnabel, 2018 [38] | Prospective cohort study | 2008–2018, France | Adult participants, ≥18y | 33,343 | Dietary records, questionnaire | Functional gastrointestinal disorders | Questionnaire, medical history, symptoms | Q4 vs. Q1 | OR: 1.25 (1.12, 1.39) |
Adjibade, 2019 [36] | Prospective cohort study | 2009–2018, France | Adult volunteers, ≥18y | 26,730 | Dietary records | Depression | Clinical data | Q4 vs. Q1 | HR: 1.30 (1.15, 1.47) |
Gómez-Donoso, 2018 [37] | Prospective cohort study | 1999–2016, Spain | University graduates, NC | 14,907 | FFQ | Depression | Questionnaire, clinical interview | Q4 vs. Q1 | HR: 1.33 (1.07, 1.64) |
Steele, 2019 [30] | Cross-sectional study | 2009–2014, USA | Adult participants, ≥20y | 6385 | Interview | Metabolic syndrome | Interviews, health examination | Q5 vs. Q1 | OR: 1.28 (1.09, 1.50) |
Lavigne-Robichaud, 2018 [31] | Cross-sectional study | 2005–2009, Canada | Adult participants, ≥18y | 811 | Dietary records | Metabolic syndrome | Clinical data | Q5 vs. Q1 | OR: 1.90 (1.14, 3.17) |
Juul, 2018 [32] | Cross-sectional study | 2005–2014, USA | Adults participants, 20–64y | 15,977 | Interview | Overweight Obesity Abdominal obesity | Clinical data | Q5 vs. Q1 | OR: 1.48 (1.25, 1.76) OR: 1.53 (1.29, 1.81) OR: 1.62 (1.39, 1.89) |
Louzada, 2015 [33] | Cross-sectional study | 2008–2009, Brazil | Individuals, ≥10y | 30,243 | Dietary records | Overweight Obesity | Clinical data | Q5 vs. Q1 | OR: 1.26 (0.95, 1.69) OR: 1.98 (1.23, 3.12) |
Mendonca, 2016 [35] | Prospective cohort study | 1999–2012, Spain | University graduates, middle-aged | 8451 | FFQ | Overweight | Self-reported | Q4 vs. Q1 | HR: 1.26 (1.10, 1.45) |
Nardocci, 2019 [16] | Cross-sectional study | 2004–2005, Canada | Adult participants, ≥18y | 19,363 | Dietary records | Obesity | Clinical data (32% self-reported) | Q5 vs. Q1 | OR: 1.32 (1.05, 1.57) |
Silva, 2018 [34] | Cross-sectional study | 2008–2010, Brazil | Civil servants from universities and research organizations, 35–64y | 8977 | FFQ | Overweight Obesity | Clinical data | Q4 vs. Q1 | OR: 1.31 (1.13, 1.51) OR: 1.41 (1.18, 1.69) |
Fiolet, 2018 [39] | Prospective cohort study | 2009–2017, France | Adult volunteers, ≥18y | 104,980 | Dietary records | Overall cancer Prostate cancer Colorectal cancer Breast cancer | Questionnaire, medical records, database | Q4 vs. Q1 | HR: 1.23 (1.08, 1.40) HR: 0.93 (0.61, 1.40) HR: 1.23 (1.08, 1.40) HR: 1.13 (0.89, 1.42) |
Sartorelli, 2019 [40] | Cross-sectional study | 2011–2012, Brazil. | Adult women, ≥20y | 785 | Dietary records | Obesity Overweight Gestational diabetes mellitus | Clinical data | T3 vs. T1 | OR: 3.06 (1.27, 3.37) OR: 1.17 (0.75, 1.82) OR: 0.82 (0.49, 1.36) |
Sandoval-Insausti, 2019 [42] | Prospective cohort study | 2008–2012, Spain | Individuals, ≥60y | 1822 | Interview | Frailty | Clinical data | Q4 vs. Q1 | OR: 3.67 (2.00, 6.73) |