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Table 2 The general characteristics of study participants across quartiles of the major dietary pattern scores

From: Association between dietary patterns and prediabetes risk in a middle-aged Chinese population

 

Traditional southern Chinese pattern score

P

Western pattern score

P

Grains-vegetables pattern score

P

Q1

(lowest)

(n = 440)

Q4

(highest)

(n = 441)

Q1

(lowest)

(n = 440)

Q4

(highest)

(n = 440)

Q1

(lowest)

(n = 441)

Q4

(highest)

(n = 440)

Age (y)

51.6 ± 4.4

50.4 ± 4.3

0.252

51.7 ± 4.6

49.8 ± 4.3

< 0.01

50.3 ± 4.5

51.9 ± 4.7

< 0.05

BMI (kg/m2)

24.37 ± 2.96

24.99 ± 2.58

0.355

24.22 ± 2.67

25.24 ± 3.07

< 0.05

25.06 ± 2.57

24.13 ± 2.46

< 0.05

WC (cm)

84.55 ± 8.74

85.16 ± 8.12

0.411

84.30 ± 9.01

88.04 ± 8.62

< 0.01

87.10 ± 8.24

82.59 ± 8.80

< 0.01

WHR

0.87 ± 0.05

0.88 ± 0.06

0.564

0.87 ± 0.07

0.89 ± 0.06

< 0.05

0.88 ± 0.05

0.86 ± 0.08

< 0.05

FBG (mmol/L)

5.24 ± 0.63

5.35 ± 0.70

0.07

5.09 ± 0.80

5.81 ± 0.71

< 0.01

5.76 ± 0.84

5.37 ± 0.71

< 0.01

2-h glucose (mmol/L)

7.31 ± 0.91

7.08 ± 0.88

< 0.05

7.00 ± 0.98

7.72 ± 1.12

< 0.001

7.65 ± 1.03

7.29 ± 0.95

< 0.01

Obesity (%)

72 (16.4)

62 (14.1)

0.341

52 (11.8)

83 (18.9)

< 0.01

74 (16.8)

46 (10.5)

< 0.01

Hypertension (%)

127 (28.9)

159 (36.1)

< 0.05

104 (23.6)

144 (32.7)

< 0.01

135 (30.6)

108 (24.5)

< 0.05

Prediabete(%)

85 (19.3)

75 (17.0)

0.374

70 (15.9)

102 (23.2)

< 0.01

97 (22.0)

62 (14.1)

< 0.01

Gender (%)

  

< 0.001

  

< 0.05

  

< 0.001

 Female

138 (31.4)

217 (49.2)

 

202 (45.9)

165 (37.5)

 

168 (38.1)

270 (61.4)

 

 Male

302 (68.6)

224 (50.8)

 

238 (54.1)

275 (62.5)

 

273 (61.9)

170 (38.6)

 

Smoking status (%)

  

< 0.001

  

< 0.01

  

< 0.01

 Never

362 (82.3)

322 (73.0)

 

325 (73.9)

300 (68.2)

 

340 (77.1)

380 (86.4)

 

 Current

65 (14.7)

111 (25.2)

 

72 (16.3)

113 (25.7)

 

73 (16.6)

38 (8.6)

 

 Former

13 (3.0)

8 (1.8)

 

43 (9.8)

27 (6.1)

 

28 (6.3)

22 (5.0)

 

Education (%)

  

0.125

  

< 0.01

  

0.112

 Primary school or below

151 (34.3)

176 (39.9)

 

136 (30.9)

164 (37.3)

 

170 (38.5)

162 (36.8)

 

 Middle and high school

257 (58.4)

243 (55.1)

 

277 (63.0)

230 (52.3)

 

228 (51.7)

250 (56.8)

 

 Junior college or above

32 (7.3)

22 (5.0)

 

27 (6.1)

46 (10.5)

 

43 (9.8)

28 (6.4)

 

The average monthly income per person(%)

  

0.084

  

0.153

  

< 0.01

 < 2000(RMB)

179 (40.7)

209 (47.4)

 

194 (44.1)

172 (49.1)

 

171 (38.8)

220 (50.0)

 

 2000–4000(RMB)

218 (49.5)

186 (42.2)

 

205 (46.6)

212 (48.2)

 

202 (45.8)

170 (38.6)

 

 > 4000(RMB)

43 (9.8)

46 (10.4)

 

41 (9.3)

56 (12.7)

 

68 (15.4)

50 (11.4)

 

Physical activity (%)

  

0.879

  

0.203

  

< 0.05

 Light

356 (80.9)

351 (79.6)

 

345 (78.4)

364 (82.7)

 

349 (79.1)

346 (78.6)

 

 Moderate

66 (15.0)

70 (15.9)

 

61 (13.9)

53 (12.1)

 

78 (17.7)

64 (14.6)

 

 Heavy

18 (4.1)

20 (4.5)

 

34 (7.7)

23 (5.2)

 

14 (3.2)

30 (6.8)

 

Total energy (kcal/d)

2179.4 ± 148.5

1866.1 ± 156.3

< 0.001

1906.5 ± 162.6

2263.0 ± 185.2

< 0.001

2119.6 ± 157.4

1892.8 ± 195.1

< 0.01

  1. Categorical variables are presented as sum and percentages, and continuous variables are presented as Mean ± SD
  2. Abbreviation: BMI Body mass index, WC Waist circumference, WHR Waist hip rate, FBG Fasting blood glucose
  3. * P values for continuous variables (Analysis of variance) and for Categorical variables (chi-square test)