From: Dietary intake in lactating mothers in China 2018: report of a survey
 |  | Total (n = 954) | Urban (n = 514) | Rural (n = 440) | P-value1 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Median (p25; p75) | Below EARa | Above RNI/AIb | Above ULc | Median (p25; p75) | Below EARa | Above RNI/AIb | Above ULc | Median (P25; p75) | Below EARa | Above RNI/AIb | Above ULc | ||
Protein (g/d) | 60.69 (47.84; 83.3) | 590 (61.8) | 269 (28.2) | – | 66.58 (51.38; 88.36) | 281 (54.7) | 173 (33.7) | – | 56.49 (45.03; 76.2) | 309 (70.2) | 96 (21.8) | – | 0.000* |
Insoluble dietary fiber (g/d) | 8.47 (5.87; 12.24) | – | 19 (2) | – | 8.98 (6.31; 12.74) | – | 14 (2.7) | – | 7.86 (5.53; 11.83) | – | 5 (1.1) | – | 0.001* |
VA (μgRAE/d) | 302.31 (202.5; 454.9) | 902 (94.5) | 14 (1.5) | 1 (0.1) | 340.12 (234.71; 508.66) | 475 (92.4) | 11 (2.1) | – | 251.12 (170.68; 402.5) | 427 (97) | 3 (0.7) | 1 (0.2) | 0.000* |
VB1 (mg/d) | 0.84 (0.5; 6.05) | 562 (58.9) | 366 (38.4) | – | 0.86 (0.53; 5.92) | 305 (59.3) | 192 (37.4) | – | 0.83 (0.49; 6.14) | 257 (58.4) | 174 (39.5) | – | 0.574 ns |
VB2 (mg/d) | 0.85 (0.62; 1.27) | 695 (72.9) | 174 (18.2) | – | 0.91 (0.67; 1.39) | 353 (68.7) | 113 (22) | – | 0.78 (0.53; 1.13) | 342 (77.7) | 61 (13.9) | – | 0.000* |
VB3 (mgNE/d) | 13.49 (9.99; 19.62) | 374 (39.2) | 255 (26.7) | 33 (3.5) | 14.93 (10.64; 20.97) | 173 (33.7) | 157 (30.5) | 24 (4.7) | 12.67 (9.43; 17.56) | 201 (45.7) | 98 (22.3) | 9 (2) | 0.006* |
VB6 (mg/d) | 1.83 (1.22; 2.7) | 319 (33.4) | 516 (54.1) | – | 1.92 (1.31; 2.78) | 149 (29) | 300 (58.4) | – | 1.67 (1.14; 2.6) | 170 (38.6) | 216 (49.1) | – | 0.000* |
VB9 (μgDFE/d) | 212.27 (151.22; 298.16) | 892 (93.5) | 42 (4.4) | 1 (0.1) | 232.11 (165.41; 310.63) | 473 (92) | 31 (6) | – | 194.71 (137.43; 279.78) | 419 (95.2) | 11 (2.5) | 1 (0.2) | 0.000* |
VB12 (μg/d) | 2.71 (1.57; 4.55) | 451 (47.3) | 384 (40.3) | – | 2.83 (1.82; 5.04) | 226 (44) | 225 (43.8) | – | 2.5 (1.4; 3.92) | 225 (51.1) | 159 (36.1) | – | 0.000* |
VC (mg/d) | 70.29 (39.78; 126.32) | 712 (74.6) | 180 (18.9) | – | 81.09 (46.99; 135.45) | 365 (71) | 111 (21.6) | – | 59.91 (31.3; 109.43) | 347 (78.9) | 69 (15.7) | – | 0.000* |
VE (mg α-TE/d) | 15.22 (15.22; 18.27) | – | 408 (42.8) | – | 15.22 (15.22; 18.27) | – | 249 (48.4) | – | 15.22 (15.22; 18.27) | – | 159 (36.1) | – | 0.000* |
Calcium (mg/d) | 412.57 (253.59; 647.79) | 809 (84.8) | 77 (8.1) | 12 (1.3) | 469.63 (287.62; 714.6) | 417 (81.1) | 53 (10.3) | 9 (1.8) | 358.38 (209.21; 560.16) | 392 (89.1) | 24 (5.5) | 3 (0.7) | 0.000* |
Iron (mg/d) | 18.46 (14.36; 24.44) | 461 (48.3) | 226 (23.7) | 27 (2.8) | 19.53 (15.07; 25.49) | 218 (42.4) | 143 (27.8) | 13 (2.5) | 17.24 (13.81; 22.79) | 243 (55.2) | 83 (18.9) | 14 (3.2) | 0.000* |
Zinc (mg/d) | 9.95 (7.27; 13.16) | 473 (49.6) | 310 (32.5) | – | 10.43 (7.66; 13.52) | 230 (44.7) | 196 (38.1) | – | 9.39 (6.99; 12.44) | 243 (55.2) | 114 (25.9) | – | 0.001* |
Magnesium (mg/d) | 222.01 (162.80; 303.56) | 667 (69.9) | 188 (19.7) | – | 236.61 (175.22; 312.8) | 347 (67.5) | 109 (21.2) | – | 206.28 (149.28; 297.93) | 320 (72.7) | 79 (18) | – | 0.000* |
Potassium (mg/d) | 3109.37 (2266.7; 4183.84) | – | 683 (71.6) | – | 2450.57 (1883.35; 3112.14) | – | 269 (52.3) | – | 4120.23 (3258.95; 5187.27) | – | 414 (94.1) | – | 0.000* |
Phosphorus (mg/d) | 802.06 (613.22; 1054.92) | 217 (22.7) | 583 (61.1) | – | 852.73 (652.16; 1124.44) | 89 (17.3) | 349 (67.9) | – | 748.31 (573.52; 982.36) | 128 (29.1) | 234 (53.2) | – | 0.000* |
Sodium (mg/d) | 2885.46 (2745.6; 3102.64) | – | 954 (100) | – | 2783.77 (2686.97; 2902.93) | – | 954 (100) | – | 3070.91 (2889; 3301.59) | – | 954 (100) | – | 0.000* |
Copper (mg/d) | 2.64 (1.35; 10.71) | 153 (16) | 405 (42.5) | 300 (31.4) | 2.59 (1.36; 10.37) | 75 (14.6) | 230 (44.7) | 153 (29.8) | 2.73 (1.27; 11.07) | 78 (17.7) | 175 (39.8) | 147 (33.4) | 0.685 ns |
Iodine (µg/d) | 33.06 (18.38; 122.44) | 744 (78) | 89 (9.3) | 105 (11) | 34.95 (19.88; 136.65) | 396 (77) | 48 (9.3) | 61 (11.9) | 30.2 (17.19; 117.95) | 348 (79.1) | 41 (9.3) | 44 (10) | 0.160 ns |