Validation of a food frequency questionnaire as a tool for assessing dietary intake in cardiovascular disease research and surveillance in Bangladesh

Table 2 Correlation coefficient of energy and nutrients between FFQ and three days of 24-h dietary recall

Energy and Nutrients	Unadjusted^a	Energy adjusted^b	Age, gender, place adjusted^c	Age, gender, place & energy adjusted^c	De-attenuated
Energy (kcal)	0.739**	–	0.481**	–	0.769**
Protein (g)	0.555**	0.182*	0.490**	0.210*	0.612**
(% energy)	0.131	–	–	–	–
Fat (g)	0.424**	0.686**	0.576**	0.617**	0.443**
(% energy)	0.800**	–	–	–	–
Carbohydrate (g)	0.776**	0.530**	0.396**	0.475**	0.801**
(% energy)	0.663**	–	–	–	–
Vitamin A (μg)	0.384**	0.145	0.147	0.084	0.427**
β carotene (μg)	0.309**	0.306**	0.204*	0.278**	0.338**
Vitamin D (μg)	0.015	0.060	0.174*	0.048	0.017
Vitamin E (mg)	0.479**	0.635**	0.494**	0.538**	0.488**
Vitamin C (mg)	0.399**	0.064	0.186*	0.016	0.706**
Thiamine (mg)	0.598**	0.385**	0.471**	0.370**	0.688**
Riboflavin (mg)	0.516**	0.142	0.394**	0.101	0.565**
Niacin (mg)	0.553**	0.186*	0.434**	0.183*	0.618**
Pyridoxine (mg)	0.738**	0.210*	0.388**	0.129	0.786**
Folate (μg)	0.537**	0.043	0.243**	0.015	0.588**
Calcium (mg)	0.326**	−0.017	0.149	−0.043	0.359**
Iron (mg)	0.530**	0.157	0.248**	0.110	0.568**
Magnesium (mg)	0.708**	0.118	0.330**	0.064	0.765**
Phosphorus (mg)	0.665**	0.070	0.456**	0.047	0.722**
Potassium (mg)	0.617**	0.243**	0.468**	0.229**	0.657**
Sodium (mg)	0.342**	0.281**	0.410**	0.276**	0.400**
Sodium (mg)^d	0.625**	0.551**	0.510**	0.536**	0.628**
Zinc (mg)	0.161	0.206*	0.138	0.167*	0.188*

Correlation was performed between Last FFQ & average of 24-h **Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level; *Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level^aPearson correlation coefficient used for energy and macronutrient; Spearman rank correlation coefficient was used for micronutrients^bSpearman rank correlation coefficient was performed;^cNon-parametric partial correlation was performed^dincluded cooking salt

ISSN: 1475-2891