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Table 3 Characteristics of demographics, nutritional status and dietary intake in study population (n = 1771) by sex per age group

From: Are dietary intake and nutritional status influenced by gender? The pattern of dietary intake in Lao PDR: a developing country

 

Toddlers (n = 284)

Children (n = 416)

Adolescents (n = 213)

Adult (n = 276)

Older adults (n = 296)

Pregnant

Lactating

Boys (n = 142)

Girls (n = 142)

Boys (n = 212)

Girls (n = 204)

Boys (n = 107)

Girls (n = 106)

Men (n = 124)

Women (n = 152)

Men (n = 145)

Women (n = 151)

(n = 140)

(n = 146)

Demographics

Region; n (%)

- Northern-Lowland

44 (31.0)

49 (34.5)

67 (31.6)

75 (36.8)

41 (38.3)

30 (28.3)

41 (33.1)

59 (38.8)

48 (33.1)

47 (31.1)

46 (32.9)

51 (34.9)

-  Central-SH

53 (37.3)

44 (31.0)

73 (34.4)

69 (33.8)

31 (29.0)

34 (31.2)

44 (35.4)

46 (30.3)

47 (32.4)

50 (33.1)

16 (32.9)

48 (32.9)

-  Mekong Corridor

45 (31.7)

49 (34.5)

72 (34.0)

60 (29.4)

35 (32.7)

42 (39.6)

39 (31.5)

47 (30.9)

50 (34.5)

54 (35.8)

48 (34.2)

47 (32.2)

Residence; n (%)

-  Rural

105 (73.9)

103 (72.5)

155 (73.1)

153 (75.0)

79 (73.8)

75 (70.8)

91 (73.4)

110 (72.4)

106 (73.1)

110 (72.8)

103 (73.6)

106 (72.6)

-  Urban

37 (26.1)

39 (27.5)

57 (26.9)

51 (25.0)

28 (26.2)

31 (29.2)

33 (26.6)

42 (27.6)

39 (26.9)

41 (27.2)

37 (26.4)

40 (27.4)

Season; n (%)

-  Rainy

72 (50.7)

67 (47.2)

113 (53.3)

103 (50.5)

50 (46.7)

58 (42.7)

63 (50.8)

77 (50.7)

71 (49.0)

77 (51.0)

66 (47.1)

72 (4.3)

-  Dry

70 (49.3)

75 (52.8)

99 (46.7)

101 (49.5)

57 (53.3)

48 (45.3)

61 (492)

75 (49.3)

74 (51.0)

74 (49.0)

74 (52.9)

74 (50.7)

Anthropometrics

Age (years); mean (SD)

1.8 (0.6)

1.8 (0.6)

5.1 (1.6)

5.1 (1.7)

12.4 (2.3)

12.6 (2.4)

37.8 (8.1)

34.4 (8.8)

62.1 (8.5)

60.7 (8.1)

26.7 (6.3)

26.8 (5.8)

Weight (kg); mean(SD)

10.5 (1.7)

10.2 (2.0)

16.8 (4.5)

16.3 (4.6)

36.1 (11.7)

37.7 (10.0)

60.9 (9.6)

55.2 (10.0)

57.2 (10.7)

53.7 (10.8)

57.3 (7.9)

52.8 (8.7)

Height (cm); mean(SD)

81.1 (6.6)

80.7 (8.3)

104.5 (11.8)

104.0 (11.9)

142.3 (13.8)

142.8 (10.5)

161.2 (5.4)

152.0 (4.9)

158.0 (6.0)

149.2 (5.3)

152.0 (5.1)

152.5 (5.4)

BMI; n (%)

P-value

0.14

 

0.69

 

0.01

 

146

 

0.08

 

0.02m

0.61m

           

0.01w

0.06w

-  Underweight

8 (5.6)

7 (4.9)

9 (4.2)

11 (5.4)

10 (9.3)

2 (1.9)

4 (3.2)

13 (8.6)

12 (8.3)

13 (8.6)

2 (1.4)

11 (7.5)

-  Normal

113 (79.6)

118 (83.1)

185 (87.3)

178 (87.3)

86 (80.4)

93 (87.7)

59 (47.6)

59 (38.8)

66 (45.5)

48 (31.8)

44 (31.4)

77 (52.7)

-  Overweight

18 (12.7)

9 (6.3)

13 (6.1)

13 (6.4)

2 (1.9)

7 (6.6)

26 (21.0)

28 (18.4)

27 (18.6)

31 (20.5)

38 (27.1)

26 (17.8)

-  Obese

3 (2.1)

8 (5.6)

5 (2.4)

2 (1.0)

9 (8.4)

4 (3.8)

35 (28.2)

52 (34.2)

40 (27.6)

59 (39.1)

56 (40.0)

32 (21.9)

Dietary intake;

 median (IQR)

Energy (kcal)

1040 (445)a

958 (386)a

1217 (425)a

1079 (421)a

1743 (681)

1490 (526)

1880 (650)

1517 (510)

1790 (638)

1434 (568)

1683 (571)

1681 (636)

Macronutrients (g)

            

-  Carbohydrates

171 (77)a

153 (67)a

206 (73)a

182 (71)a

326 (131)

264 (93)

338 (130)

276 (103)

320 (120)

268 (101)

305 (109)

312 (132)

-  Protein

35 (17)a

33 (15)a

43 (19)a

39 (18)a

61 (29)

51 (22)

68 (28)

56 (22)

68 (30)

51 (25)

62 (16)

63 (26)

-  Fat

21 (20)

21 (17)

23 (21)

19 (18)

21 (19)

20 (22)

19 (15)

16 (15)

19 (15)

13 (15)

20 (18)

17 (17)

-  Dietary fiber

2.0 (2.8)

1.7 (2.3)

3.0 (2.7)

2.5 (2.5)

4.4 (3.2)

4.4 (3.4)

5.7 (3.5)

6.3 (4.3)

6.3 (4.4)

6.1 (5.2)

6.8 (5.3)

5.9 (5.9)

  1. a Dietary intake presented as mean (SD) instead of median (IQR)
  2. mP-values are based on Chi-square tests compared to adult men; wP-values are based on Chi-square tests compared to adult women
  3. P-values are based on Chi-square tests