Table 3 Percent contribution of various food groups to total every intake by gender (n = 3394)
From: Sex disparities in dietary intake across the lifespan: the case of Lebanon
| Total (n = 3394) | Males (n = 1578) | Females (n = 1816) | p-value* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean %EI ± SE | ||||
| Children and adolescents (6–19.9 years) | ||||
| Bread | 16.67 ± 0.44 | 17.35 ± 0.62 | 15.98 ± 0.62 | 0.122 |
| Cereals | 14.77 ± 0.63 | 15.56 ± 0.89 | 13.99 ± 0.89 | 0.216 |
| Legumes | 2.69 ± 0.30 | 2.48 ± 0.43 | 2.9 ± 0.43 | 0.484 |
| Starchy Vegetables | 5.14 ± 0.29 | 4.85 ± 0.41 | 5.44 ± 0.41 | 0.311 |
| Vegetables | 4.94 ± 0.30 | 4.37 ± 0.43 | 5.52 ± 0.43 | 0.060 |
| Chips & Salty Crackers | 4.12 ± 0.27 | 4.03 ± 0.39 | 4.21 ± 0.39 | 0.750 |
| Nuts & Seeds | 1.67 ± 0.24 | 1.22 ± 0.34 | 2.11 ± 0.34 | 0.066 |
| Dairy Products | ||||
| Milk | 1.87 ± 0.16 | 1.63 ± 0.22 | 2.12 ± 0.22 | 0.123 |
| Milk Derivatives | 6.18 ± 0.29 | 5.88 ± 0.41 | 6.48 ± 0.41 | 0.304 |
| Milk Sweetened | 0.31 ± 0.08 | 0.32 ± 0.12 | 0.31 ± 0.12 | 0.956 |
| Meat, Processed Meat, Poultry, Fish, Eggs | ||||
| Red Meat | 4.74 ± 0.33 | 5.53 ± 0.47 | 3.96 ± 0.47 | 0.020 |
| Processed Meat | 2.0 ± 0.20 | 2.34 ± 0.29 | 1.64 ± 0.29 | 0.091 |
| Poultry | 3.60 ± 0.31 | 3.53 ± 0.44 | 3.66 ± 0.44 | 0.835 |
| Fish | 0.68 ± 0.16 | 0.77 ± 0.22 | 0.60 ± 0.22 | 0.573 |
| Eggs | 1.07 ± 0.14 | 1.14 ± 0.20 | 0.98 ± 0.20 | 0.578 |
| Fruits, Total | ||||
| Whole Fruits | 3.52 ± 0.20 | 2.71 ± 0.28 | 4.33 ± 0.28 | < 0.001 |
| Fresh Juices (100% fruit juices) | 0.10 ± 0.03 | 0.08 ± 0.04 | 0.12 ± 0.04 | 0.514 |
| Sweets & Added Sugars | ||||
| Sweets | 9.20 ± 0.43 | 8.46 ± 0.61 | 9.94 ± 0.61 | 0.092 |
| Added Sugars, Jams, Honey, Molasses | 1.82 ± 0.11 | 1.77 ± 0.16 | 1.88 ± 0.16 | 0.617 |
| Sugar Sweetened Beverages | 6.44 ± 0.24 | 7.16 ± 0.34 | 5.73 ± 0.34 | 0.003 |
| Hot Beverages (Coffee, Tea) | 0.11 ± 0.01 | 0.11 ± 0.02 | 0.1 ± 0.02 | 0.888 |
| Alcoholic Beverages | 0.15 ± 0.06 | 0.16 ± 0.08 | 0.13 ± 0.08 | 0.817 |
| Added Fats & Oils | 4.69 ± 0.24 | 4.23 ± 0.35 | 5.16 ± 0.35 | 0.058 |
| Fast Food | 2.51 ± 0.29 | 3.37 ± 0.42 | 1.65 ± 0.42 | 0.004 |
| Miscellaneous | 1.01 ± 0.09 | 0.96 ± 0.13 | 1.07 ± 0.13 | 0.549 |
| Adults (20–59.9 years) | ||||
| Bread | 17.21 ± 0.34 | 19.28 ± 0.54 | 15.14 ± 0.49 | < 0.001 |
| Cereals | 15.94 ± 0.50 | 16.39 ± 0.79 | 15.49 ± 0.72 | 0.429 |
| Legumes | 3.51 ± 0.24 | 4.07 ± 0.39 | 2.95 ± 0.35 | 0.043 |
| Starchy Vegetables | 3.90 ± 0.17 | 3.72 ± 0.27 | 4.09 ± 0.25 | 0.348 |
| Vegetables | 8.32 ± 0.28 | 6.10 ± 0.45 | 10.55 ± 0.41 | < 0.001 |
| Chips & Salty Crackers | 0.93 ± 0.09 | 0.74 ± 0.14 | 1.12 ± 0.13 | 0.059 |
| Nuts & Seeds | 2.46 ± 0.20 | 2.40 ± 0.31 | 2.52 ± 0.28 | 0.795 |
| Dairy Products | ||||
| Milk | 0.99 ± 0.08 | 0.70 ± 0.13 | 1.29 ± 0.11 | 0.001 |
| Milk Derivatives | 7.05 ± 0.22 | 6.50 ± 0.36 | 7.59 ± 0.32 | 0.033 |
| Milk Sweetened | 0.26 ± 0.06 | 0.20 ± 0.09 | 0.31 ± 0.08 | 0.356 |
| Meat, Processed Meat, Poultry, Fish, Eggs | ||||
| Red Meat | 6.46 ± 0.29 | 7.03 ± 0.46 | 5.89 ± 0.42 | 0.086 |
| Processed Meat | 0.79 ± 0.08 | 0.87 ± 0.12 | 0.72 ± 0.11 | 0.406 |
| Poultry | 4.21 ± 0.24 | 4.55 ± 0.38 | 3.87 ± 0.35 | 0.224 |
| Fish | 1.22 ± 0.13 | 1.49 ± 0.20 | 0.95 ± 0.18 | 0.061 |
| Eggs | 0.74 ± 0.07 | 0.86 ± 0.10 | 0.61 ± 0.10 | 0.095 |
| Fruits, Total | ||||
| Whole Fruits | 4.03 ± 0.15 | 3.30 ± 0.23 | 4.76 ± 0.21 | < 0.001 |
| Fresh Juices (100% fruit juices) | 0.22 ± 0.03 | 0.24 ± 0.05 | 0.20 ± 0.05 | 0.528 |
| Sweets & Added Sugars | ||||
| Sweets | 6.70 ± 0.27 | 4.81 ± 0.44 | 8.60 ± 0.40 | < 0.001 |
| Added Sugars, Jams, Honey, Molasses | 1.65 ± 0.07 | 1.56 ± 0.11 | 1.75 ± 0.10 | 0.242 |
| Sugar Sweetened Beverages | 4.0 ± 0.15 | 4.42 ± 0.24 | 3.57 ± 0.22 | 0.012 |
| Hot Beverages (Coffee, Tea) | 0.65 ± 0.05 | 0.46 ± 0.08 | 0.83 ± 0.07 | 0.001 |
| Alcoholic Beverages | 0.74 ± 0.08 | 1.30 ± 0.14 | 0.19 ± 0.12 | < 0.001 |
| Added Fats & Oils | 4.32 ± 0.16 | 4.62 ± 0.26 | 4.01 ± 0.24 | 0.110 |
| Fast Food | 2.56 ± 0.23 | 3.20 ± 0.37 | 1.93 ± 0.33 | 0.016 |
| Miscellaneous | 1.15 ± 0.10 | 1.20 ± 0.17 | 1.10 ± 0.15 | 0.675 |
| Older adults (≥ 60 years) | ||||
| Bread | 20.82 ± 0.83 | 21.88 ± 1.48 | 19.77 ± 1.63 | 0.424 |
| Cereals | 14.67 ± 1.07 | 12.26 ± 1.90 | 17.07 ± 2.09 | 0.156 |
| Legumes | 3.59 ± 0.53 | 4.93 ± 0.95 | 2.25 ± 1.04 | 0.112 |
| Starchy Vegetables | 2.68 ± 0.34 | 2.89 ± 0.61 | 2.46 ± 0.66 | 0.686 |
| Vegetables | 10.55 ± 0.68 | 8.02 ± 1.22 | 13.08 ± 1.33 | 0.020 |
| Chips & Salty Crackers | 0.22 ± 0.12 | 0.34 ± 0.22 | 0.10 ± 0.24 | 0.533 |
| Nuts & Seeds | 0.99 ± 0.27 | 2.07 ± 0.49 | 0 | N/A |
| Dairy Products | ||||
| Milk | 1.50 ± 0.22 | 1.06 ± 0.39 | 1.94 ± 0.43 | 0.203 |
| Milk Derivatives | 9.02 ± 0.52 | 7.70 ± 0.93 | 10.34 ± 1.02 | 0.110 |
| Milk Sweetened | 0.30 ± 0.15 | 0.32 ± 0.27 | 0.28 ± 0.29 | 0.935 |
| Meat, Processed Meat, Poultry, Fish, Eggs | ||||
| Red Meat | 7.54 ± 0.65 | 8.75 ± 1.16 | 6.33 ± 1.27 | 0.242 |
| Processed Meat | 0.51 ± 0.19 | 0.55 ± 0.33 | 0.46 ± 0.37 | 0.890 |
| Poultry | 3.19 ± 0.42 | 3.35 ± 0.75 | 3.03 ± 0.82 | 0.813 |
| Fish | 0.45 ± 0.13 | 0.49 ± 0.22 | 0.40 ± 0.25 | 0.823 |
| Eggs | 0.82 ± 0.20 | 0.75 ± 0.36 | 0.89 ± 0.39 | 0.825 |
| Fruits, Total | ||||
| Whole Fruits | 7.38 ± 0.42 | 6.49 ± 0.74 | 8.26 ± 0.81 | 0.180 |
| Fresh Juices (100% fruit juices) | 0.26 ± 0.08 | 0.23 ± 0.14 | 0.30 ± 0.15 | 0.800 |
| Sweets & Added Sugars | ||||
| Sweets | 4.09 ± 0.53 | 5.05 ± 0.95 | 3.12 ± 1.04 | 0.250 |
| Added Sugars, Jams, Honey, Molasses | 1.49 ± 0.16 | 1.43 ± 0.28 | 1.54 ± 0.31 | 0.828 |
| Sugar Sweetened Beverages | 1.55 ± 0.21 | 1.48 ± 0.37 | 1.62 ± 0.41 | 0.835 |
| Hot Beverages (Coffee, Tea) | 0.23 ± 0.02 | 0.23 ± 0.04 | 0.24 ± 0.04 | 0.885 |
| Alcoholic Beverages | 1.10 ± 0.19 | 1.62 ± .34 | 0.58 ± 0.37 | 0.087 |
| Added Fats & Oils | 5.70 ± 0.44 | 6.65 ± 0.79 | 4.75 ± 0.87 | 0.18 |
| Fast Food | 0.41 ± 0.22 | 0.44 ± 0.39 | 0.38 ± 0.42 | 0.930 |
| Miscellaneous | 0.97 ± 0.18 | 1.03 ± 0.33 | 0.91 ± 0.36 | 0.838 |