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Table 2 Sociodemographic, labor and lifestyle characterization of farmers from a Brazilian region, by sex

From: Dietary patterns of Brazilian farmers and their relation with sociodemographic, labor, and lifestyle conditions

VariablesSexP-valueTotal
MaleFemalen (%)
n (%)n (%)
Age group  0.956 
 Up to 29 years101 (50.2)100 (49.8) 201 (27.2)
 30 to 39 years114 (52.3)104 (47.7) 218 (29.5)
 40 to 49 years93 (50.8)90 (49.2) 183 (24.7)
 50 years or more73 (52.9)65 (47.1) 138 (18.6)
Marital status  < 0.001 
 Single46 (82.1)10 (17.9) 56 (7.6)
 Married/living with a partner321 (50.3)317 (49.7) 638 (86.2)
 Divorced/separated/widowed14 (30.4)32 (69.6) 46 (6.2)
Race/colora  0.212 
 White339 (50.7)330 (49.3) 669 (90.4)
 Non-white42 (59.2)29 (40.8) 71 (9.6)
Socioeconomic class  < 0.001 
 A or B41 (73.2)15 (26.8) 56 (7.6)
 C208 (55.3)168 (44.7) 376 (50.8)
 D or E132 (42.9)176 (57.1) 308 (41.6)
Land bonda  0.155 
 Owner306 (52.9)272 (47.1) 578 (78.1)
 Non-owner75 (46.3)87 (53.7) 162 (21.9)
Schooling  0.655 
 Less than 4 years253 (50.5)248 (49.5) 501 (67.7)
 4 to 8 years88 (54.7)73 (45.3) 161 (21.8)
 More than 8 years40 (51.3)38 (48.7) 78 (10.5)
Transport used more frequentlyc  < 0.001 
 Own vehicle369 (53.5)321 (46.5) 690 (93.5)
 On foot, by bicycle or bus11 (22.9)37 (77.1) 48 (6.5)
Nearby places for physical activitya  < 0.001 
 There is no proper place226 (59.3)265 (73.8) 491 (66.4)
 Around the house155 (40.7)94 (26.2) 249 (33.6)
Working time as a farmerc  0.756 
 Under 10 years20 (57.1)15 (42.9) 35 (4.7)
 From 10 to 29 years194 (51.7)181 (48.3) 375 (50.8)
 30 years or more166 (50.6)162 (49.4) 328 (44.4)
Current type of productiona  0.177 
 Conventional337 (50.6)329 (49.4) 666 (90.0)
 Non-conventional44 (59.5)30 (40.5) 74 (10.0)
Number of worked cropsa  0.004 
 Up to 4 crops145 (38.1)175 (48.7) 320 (43.2)
 5 or more crops236 (61.9)184 (51.3) 420 (56.8)
Type of worked crops  0.415 
 Temporary only176 (49.3)181 (50.7) 357 (48.2)
 Permanent only22 (48.9)23 (51.1) 45 (6.1)
 Temporary and permanent183 (54.1)155 (45.9) 338 (45.7)
Workload (hours/week)a  < 0.001 
 Less than or equal to 40 h40 (27.2)107 (72.8) 147 (19.9)
 More than 40 h341 (57.5)252 (42.5) 593 (80.1)
Contact with pesticidesa  < 0.001 
 Direct contact327 (63.7)186 (36.3) 513 (69.3)
 Indirect contact, organic or agroecological54 (23.8)173 (76.2) 227 (30.7)
Alcohol consumptiona  < 0.001 
 Non-drinking150 (35.8)269 (64.2) 419 (56.6)
 Drinking231 (72.0)90 (28.0) 321 (43.4)
Smokinga  < 0.001 
 Non-smoker283 (74.3)346 (96.4) 629 (85.0)
 Current and past smoker98 (25.7)13 (3.6) 111 (15.0)
Physical activity extra-fielda,b  0.087 
 No303 (79.5)303 (84.4) 606 (81.9)
 Yes78 (20.5)56 (15.6) 134 (18.1)
Screen time  0.712 
 No sedentary leisure205 (50.7)199 (49.3) 404 (54.6)
 With sedentary leisure175 (52.2)160 (47.8) 335 (45.3)
Number of places where they usually buy food  0.269 
 2 places or less215 (53.3)188 (46.7) 403 (54.5)
 3 places or more166 (49.3)171 (50.7) 337 (45.5)
Frequency of food purchasesa  0.251 
 Twice/month or more114 (55.1)93 (44.9) 207 (28.0)
 Once/month or less267 (50.1)266 (49.9) 533 (72.0)
Travel time to purchase food  0.131 
 Up to 15 min120 (57.7)88 (42.3) 208 (28.1)
 16 to 29 min177 (49.4)181 (50.6) 358 (48.4)
 More than 30 min81 (49.4)83 (50.6) 164 (22.2)
Monthly per capita expenditure on food purchasesd  0.436 
 R$ 100 or less138 (37.7)141 (40.9) 279 (39.2)
  > R$ 100 to < R$ 200164 (44.8)155 (44.9) 319 (44.9)
 R$ 200 or more64 (17.5)49 (14.2) 113 (15.9)
Habit of eating away from homea  < 0.001 
 No or rarely212 (55.6)282 (78.6) 494 (66.8)
 Yes, often169 (44.4)77 (21.4) 246 (33.2)
Place where they usually meala  0.738 
 At the table280 (73.5)268 (74.7) 548 (74.1)
 Under a different setting101 (26.5)91 (25.3) 192 (25.9)
  1. Qui-quadrado Test. aFisher’s Exact Test. n = 740, bn = 739, cn = 738, dn = 711