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Table 4 Comparison of other pregnancy outcomes between quartiles of dietary pattern scoresa

From: Maternal dietary patterns and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in twin pregnancies: a longitudinal twin pregnancies birth cohort study

Variables

Vegetable

Poultry-fruit

Sweets

Plant protein-rich

Q1

Q4

Q1

Q4

Q1

Q4

Q1

Q4

GHP

 No

78(96.3)

75(92.6)

80(98.8)

77(95.1)

79(97.5)

75(92.6)

78(96.3)

78(96.3)

 Yes

3(3.7)

6(7.4)

1(1.2)

4(4.9)

2(2.5)

6(7.4)

3(3.7)

3(3.7)

Pb

0.495

 

0.367

 

0.277

 

1.000

 

PE

 No

77(95.1)

74(91.4)

77(95.1)

76(93.8)

77(95.1)

76(93.8)

79(97.5)

75(92.6)

 Yes

4(4.9)

7(8.6)

4(4.9)

5(6.2)

4(4.9)

5(6.2)

2(2.5)

6(7.4)

Pb

0.540

 

1.000

 

1.000

 

0.277

 

HT

 No

79(97.5)

78(96.3)

77(95.1)

78(96.3)

78(96.3)

77(95.1)

76(93.8)

77(95.1)

 Yes

2(2.5)

3(3.7)

4(4.9)

3(3.7)

3(3.7)

4(4.9)

5(6.2)

4(4.9)

Pb

1.000

 

1.000

 

1.000

 

1.000

 

ICP

 No

77(95.1)

70(86.4)

72(88.9)

70(86.4)

70(86.4)

71(87.7)

69(85.2)

71(87.7)

 Yes

4(4.9)

11(13.6)

9(11.1)

11(13.6)

11(13.6)

10(12.3)

12(14.8)

10(12.3)

Pb

0.058

 

0.812

 

1.000

 

0.819

 

GA (wk)

36.6 ± 1.5

36.3 ± 1.6

36.5 ± 1.5

36.3 ± 1.6

36.4 ± 1.7

36.3 ± 1.4

36.3 ± 1.6

36.6 ± 1.1

Pc

0.242

 

0.399

 

0.772

 

0.132

 

sPTB

 No

60(74.1)

63(77.8)

66(81.5)

62(76.5)

65(80.2)

55(67.9)

64(79.0)

64(79.0)

 Yes

21(25.9)

18(22.2)

15(18.5)

19(23.5)

16(19.8)

26(32.1)

17(21.0)

17(21.0)

Pb

0.714

 

0.563

 

0.106

 

1.000

 

Cesarean

 No

0(0.0)

1(1.2)

2(2.5)

1(1.2)

2(2.5)

0(0.0)

0(0.0)

0(0.0)

 Yes

81(100)

80(98.8)

79(97.5)

80(98.8)

79(97.5)

81(100)

81(100)

81(100)

Pb

1.000

 

1.000

 

0.497

 

1.000

 

BWH (g)

2675 ± 424

2525 ± 408

2628 ± 413

2649 ± 408

2585 ± 424

2637 ± 360

2602 ± 425

2690 ± 388

Pc

0.024

 

0.750

 

0.394

 

0.174

 

BWL (g)

2389 ± 434

2262 ± 412

2354 ± 391

2368 ± 411

2311 ± 431

2380 ± 392

2323 ± 456

2383 ± 401

Pc

0.059

 

0.827

 

0.284

 

0.377

 

NICU

 No

68(84.0)

61(75.3)

63(77.8)

65(80.2)

65(80.2)

63(77.8)

66(81.5)

68(84.0)

 Yes

13(16.0)

20(24.7)

18(22.2)

16(19.8)

16(19.8)

18(22.2)

15(18.5)

13(16.0)

Pb

0.242

 

0.847

 

0.847

 

0.836

 
  1. GHP Gestational hypertension, PE Preeclampsia, HT Hypothyroidism, ICP Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, GA Gestational age, sPTB Spontaneous preterm birth, BWH Heavier twin birthweight, BWL Lighter twin birthweight
  2. a Numbers are presented as n (%) or means±SD
  3. b Based on χ2 tests or Fisher exact test
  4. c Based on student t test