Table 2 General characteristics of participants with and without constipation
Variables | Participants with constipation (n = 301) | Participants without constipation (n = 1966) | Significance* |
|---|---|---|---|
Demographic | |||
Age (years) | 50.37 ± 5.16 | 52.65 ± 5.60 | P < 0.001 |
Gender | |||
Male | 139(46.2) | 993(50.5) | χ2 = 1.957 P = 0.162 |
Female | 162(53.8) | 973(49.5) | |
Smoking status (%) | |||
Never | 173(57.5) | 1217(61.9) | χ2 = 2.172 P = 0.338 |
Former | 31(10.3) | 185(9.4) | |
Current | 97(32.2) | 564(28.7) | |
Education (%) | |||
< High school | 24(8.0) | 187(9.5) | χ2 = 6.240 P < 0.05 |
High school | 217(72.1) | 1274(64.8) | |
> High school | 60(19.9) | 505(25.7) | |
Monthly income per person(%) | |||
≤ 2500 (RMB) | 202(34.5) | 582(29.6) | χ2 = 60.351 P < 0.001 |
2500–4000 (RMB) | 218(50.2) | 987(50.2) | |
> 4000 (RMB) | 33(15.3) | 397(20.2) | |
Physical activity(%) | |||
Light | 194(64.5) | 1339(68.1) | χ2 = 3.767 P = 0.152 |
Moderate | 76(25.2) | 401(20.4) | |
Heavy | 31(10.3) | 226(11.5) | |
Total energy intake (Kcal/d) | 1908.2 ± 186.3 | 1783.1 ± 155.4 | P < 0.05 |
Obese (%) | |||
Yes | 49(16.3) | 265(13.5) | χ2 = 1.715 P = 0.190 |
No | 252(83.7) | 1701(86.5) | |
Hypertension(%) | |||
Yes | 66(21.9) | 322(16.4) | χ2 = 5.665 P = 0.017 |
No | 235(78.1) | 1644(83.6) | |