Adherence to the low carbohydrate diet and the risk of breast Cancer in Iran

Sasanfar, Bahareh; Toorang, Fatemeh; Esmaillzadeh, Ahmad; Zendehdel, Kazem

doi:10.1186/s12937-019-0511-x

Nutrition Journal

Table 3 Dietary intakes across categories of low carbohydrate score

From: Adherence to the low carbohydrate diet and the risk of breast Cancer in Iran

variable	premenopause									postmenopause
variable	Quartile1		Quartile2		Quartile3		Quartile4		p_trend	Quartile1		Quartile2		Quartile3		Quartile4		p_trend
N	n = 172		n = 134		n = 174		n = 87			n = 88		n = 62		n = 90		n = 52
LCD score	3–7		8–9		10–11		12–15			3–7		8–9		10–11		12–14
LCD score	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD		Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
Food groups
Whole grains (g/d)	122	127	104	110	61	61	58	55	< 0.001	126	126	108	89	92	79	58	49	< 0.001
Refined grains (g/d)	408	213	339	182	287	135	227	118	< 0.001	359	180	291	175	263	119	185	103	< 0.001
Fruits (g/d)	643	410	528	343	524	389	500	319	0.004	660	450	621	364	552	342	467	274	0.01
Vegetables (g/d)	285	213	307	239	300	219	326	243	0.56	313	249	322	176	332	227	331	252	0.95
Legumes (g/d)	43	38	54	102	48	71	60	83	0.27	42	54	60	60	44	56	59	65	0.11
Red meat (g/d)	13	12	16	18	15	14	23	40	0.003	11	11	16	11	10	8	19	40	0.02
Low fat dairy (g/d)	63	116	53	117	55	123	98	191	0.06	50	89	38	67	98	180	75	122	0.01
High fat dairy (g/d)	315	238	364	256	368	253	529	357	< 0.001	306	235	351	225	411	266	461	366	0.005
Nutrients
Energy (kcal)	2557		2520		2704		2579		0.23	2321		2492		2612		2249		0.03
Carbohydrate intake (% of energy)	62	4	54	3	44	8	41	6	< 0.001	63	4	54	3	45	8	42	4	< 0.001
Protein intake(% of energy)	11.9	1.9	12.7	3.3	11.2	4.1	14.3	3.9	< 0.001	12.1	1.9	12.9	3.3	12.3	4.5	15.1	3.2	< 0.001
Fat intake (% of energy)	28.7	4.9	35.5	5.9	47.1	10.5	46.4	6.8	< 0.001	27.3	5.2	35.1	6.2	44.7	11.1	44.6	6.0	< 0.001
Saturated fat (g/d)	25	13	32	17	52	34	43	24	< 0.001	22	12	33	20	49	32	37	18	< 0.001
Fiber intake (g/d)	23	9	22	10.4	21	11.3	21	10	0.25	23	11	23	9	20	9	21	9	0.09
Iron (mg)	22	10	20	8	18	9	20	8	0.005	21	9	22	9	19	8	19	10	0.11
Folic acid (μg)	269	102	264	127	256	120	275	126	0.6	272	115	299	163	253	103	280	127	0.16
Vitamin B6 (mg)	1.7	0.67	1.7	0.72	1.6	0.79	1.8	0.87	0.24	1.7	0.76	1.7	0.61	1.7	0.72	1.7	0.74	0.86
Vitamin E (mg)	18	10	21.1	10.7	27	13	26.3	15.9	< 0.001	13.8	6.1	18.4	9.7	24	13	21	11.8	< 0.001
Vitamin A (μg)	840	452	924	595	850	529	1024	584	0.03	872	522	948	439	957	460	1035	660	0.33

P-values were determined by the ANOVA test

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