Table 2 Baseline characteristics according to low-carbohydrate-diet score in participants
From: Adherence to the low carbohydrate diet and the risk of breast Cancer in Iran
Characteristic | Premenopause (n = 567) | Postmenopause (n = 292) | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Ptrenda | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Ptrenda | |||||||||
n = 172 | n = 134 | n = 174 | n = 87 |  | n = 88 | n = 62 | n = 90 | n = 52 |  | |||||||||
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Â | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Â | |
Median score | 5.8 | 1.0 | 8.43 | 0.49 | 10.5 | 0.49 | 12.7 | 0.83 | < 0.001 | 5.6 | 1.0 | 8.53 | 0.50 | 10.5 | 0.50 | 12.63 | 0.79 | < 0.001 |
Age, y | 40.9 | 7.8 | 39.9 | 8.1 | 39.6 | 8.7 | 40.2 | 7.6 | 0.5 | 56.1 | 8.0 | 53.8 | 10.2 | 53.3 | 8.5 | 56.8 | 8.3 | 0.06 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 27.7 | 5.1 | 27.9 | 5.3 | 28.1 | 6.7 | 27.6 | 4.4 | 0.85 | 29.4 | 6.1 | 29.6 | 6.0 | 29.3 | 5.2 | 29.7 | 5.8 | 0.96 |
Physical activity (MET h/wk) | 24.8 | 31.3 | 19.8 | 25.6 | 25.0 | 30.6 | 25.4 | 35.9 | 0.4 | 23.2 | 22.1 | 24.7 | 34.1 | 23.6 | 47.4 | 21.8 | 29.1 | 0.97 |
Age at menarche, y | 13.1 | 2.2 | 13.0 | 2.3 | 13.1 | 2.1 | 13.2 | 1.7 | 0.85 | 13.6 | 1.5 | 12.4 | 2.8 | 13.0 | 2.5 | 13.4 | 1.8 | 0.01 |
Educational level, n% | ||||||||||||||||||
 None | 6.98 | 4.48 | 5.17 | 4.6 | 0.19 | 26.1 | 17.7 | 22.2 | 21.1 | 0.48 | ||||||||
 Primary | 26.7 | 20.1 | 20.1 | 26.4 |  | 32.9 | 19.3 | 24.4 | 23.1 |  | ||||||||
 Secondary school | 49.4 | 51.4 | 60.9 | 45.9 |  | 29.5 | 50.0 | 42.2 | 44.2 |  | ||||||||
 University | 16.8 | 23.8 | 13.7 | 22.9 |  | 11.3 | 12.9 | 11.1 | 11.5 |  | ||||||||
Married, % | 84.8 | 83.5 | 86.2 | 87.3 | 0.91 | 81.8 | 80.6 | 78.8 | 80.7 | 0.92 | ||||||||
Family history of breast cancer (yes), % | 5.23 | 7.46 | 3.45 | 5.75 | 0.47 | 7.95 | 12.9 | 2.2 | 3.8 | 0.05 | ||||||||
Oral contraceptive use (yes), % | 59.8 | 54.6 | 59.2 | 58.0 | 0.67 | 54.7 | 61.6 | 52.3 | 50.9 | 0.64 | ||||||||
Postmenopausal hormone use, % | 0 | 1.49 | 0.57 | 0 | 0.29 | 3.4 | 4.8 | 2.2 | 0 | 0.43 | ||||||||
Current smoking, % | 1.16 | 4.48 | 2.87 | 3.45 | 0.36 | 6.82 | 6.45 | 5.56 | 9.6 | 0.21 | ||||||||
Alcohol intake, % | 1.74 | 5.97 | 5.78 | 4.60 | 0.21 | 0 | 4.84 | 3.33 | 9.62 | 0.03 | ||||||||
Fertility treatment, % | 4.65 | 4.48 | 5.17 | 8.05 | 0.65 | 5.68 | 6.45 | 8.89 | 1.92 | 0.42 | ||||||||
Nulligravid, % | 15.12 | 20.15 | 16.67 | 13.79 | 0.57 | 9.09 | 8.06 | 10.00 | 5.77 | 0.84 | ||||||||
Parity | ||||||||||||||||||
 Nulliparous/missing | 44.1 | 40.3 | 38.5 | 42.5 | 0.81 | 43.1 | 48.3 | 44.4 | 46.1 | 0.89 | ||||||||
 1 | 8.14 | 14.9 | 11.49 | 13.7 |  | 5.68 | 4.8 | 3.3 | 1.9 |  | ||||||||
 2–3 | 37.7 | 36.5 | 40.2 | 33.3 |  | 20.4 | 27.4 | 23.3 | 23.1 |  | ||||||||
  ≥ 4 | 9.88 | 8.21 | 9.7 | 10.3 |  | 30.6 | 19.3 | 28.8 | 28.8 |  | ||||||||