Skip to main content

Table 6 The change in muscle strength measured as handgrip strength and knee extension strength and a 30 s chair-standing test, analysed in an ANCOVA including the baseline covariates that may influence the outcome (age, ethnicity, intervention group and BMI)

From: Effect of vitamin D fortified foods on bone markers and muscle strength in women of Pakistani and Danish origin living in Denmark: a randomised controlled trial

Coefficients

Estimate

95% CI

P

Estimate

95% CI

P

Δ Handgrip strength

Model 1 (minimal)

Model 2 (maximal)

Intercept1

6.80

(3.56; 10.0)

< 0.0001 (***)

6.56

(2.32; 10.8)

< 0.003 (**)

Baseline handgrip strength

−0.21

(−0.31; − 0.12)

< 0.0001 (***)

− 0.22

(− 0.31; − 0.12)

< 0.0001 (***)

Ethnicity:

 Danish

 Pakistani

− 0.53

(−1.63; 0.58)

0.35

− 0.63

(−1.82; 0.56)

0.30

Intervention group:

 Fortified

0.38

(−0.62; 1.37)

0.46

0.48

(−0.54; 1.50)

0.35

 Placebo

 BMI

   

0.01

(−0.11; 0.13)

0.88

 Age

   

−0.003

(−0.05; 0.06)

0.99

Δ Knee extension strength

Model 1 (minimal)

Model 2 (maximal)

Intercept1

8.66

(4.16; 13.16)

< 0.0001 (***)

9.93

(3.82; 16.21)

< 0.0001 (***)

Baseline knee extension strength

−0.24

(−0.37; − 0.12)

< 0.0001 (***)

− 0.25

(− 0.38; − 0.12)

< 0.0001 (***)

Ethnicity:

 Danish

 Pakistani

−1.96

(−3.69; − 0.23)

0.03 (*)

−1.95

(−4.24; 0.54)

0.03 (*)

Intervention group:

 Fortified

1.23

(−0.34; 2.81)

0.12

1.21

(−0.94; 3.52)

0.13

 Placebo

 BMI

   

−0.02

(−0.20; 0.18)

0.87

 Age

   

−0.03

(−0.11; 0.06)

0.46

Δ Chair-standing test

Model 1 (minimal)

Model 2 (maximal)

Intercept1

2.54

(−0.22; 5.31)

0.07

5.90

(0.78; 11.0)

0.02 (*)

Baseline chair-standing

−0.05

(− 0.15; 0.06)

0.41

− 0.06

(− 0.17; 0.06)

0.30

Ethnicity:

 Danish

 Pakistani

−0.56

(−1.86; 0.74)

0.39

−0.01

(−1.45; 1.24)

0.88

Intervention group:

 Fortified

0.94

(−0.34; 2.22)

0.15

0.93

(−0.34; 2.20)

0.15

 Placebo

 BMI

   

−0.16

(−0.31; − 0.004)

0.04 (*)

 Age

   

0.02

(−0.05; 0.09)

0.56

  1. 1The reference group is included in the intercept: Danish ethnicity and placebo study group