Danish | Pakistani | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Placebo (n = 35) | Fortified (n = 31) | Placebo (n = 37) | Fortified (n = 33) | P2 | |
Handgrip strength (kg) | |||||
Baseline | 34.5 (4.2)de | 33.2 (4.2)c | 27.9 (6.6)ce | 30.3 (6.2)d | < 0.001 |
Endpoint | 34.07 (3.8)de | 33.3 (4.3)c | 28.0 (6.1)ce | 30.3 (5.5)d | < 0.001 |
Change | −0.46 (2.3) | − 0.1 (3.0) | 0.2 (3.0) | 0.5 (3.5) | 0.66 |
Knee extension strength (kg) | |||||
Baseline | 34.0 (5.7)e | 36.5 (5.9)bc | 27.7 (6.5)ce | 31.1 (7.7)b | < 0.001 |
Endpoint | 35.0 (5.9)e | 37.5 (5.4)bc | 27.5 (6.7)ce | 31.2 (7.8)b | < 0.001 |
Change | 0.3 (4.5) | 1.0 (3.9) | −0.15 (5.0) | 0.6 (4.3) | 0.79 |
Chair-stand test (Mean rep/min) | |||||
Baseline | 23.4 (5.9) | 24.0 (5.0)c | 19.9 (5.5)c | 22.6 (7.1) | 0.04 |
Endpoint | 24.7 (6.6) | 26.8 (6.5)c | 21.9 (5.9)c | 23.9 (7.2) | 0.045 |
Change | 1.2 (3.0) | 2.7 (3.6) | 1.3 (3.4) | 1.6 (3.6) | 0.35 |
Mean BMI (kg/m2) | |||||
Baseline | 24.6 (5.1) | 24.1 (4.0)bc | 27.1 (24.8)c | 27.4 (4.7)b | 0.007 |
Endpoint | 24.4 (4.3) | 24.1 (3.9)bc | 27.2 (5.1)c | 27.2 (4.3)b | 0.005 |
Change | 0.1 (0.5) | 0.2 (0.5) | 0.2 (0.5) | 0.1 (0.5) | 0.97 |
Mean fat % | |||||
Baseline | 32.6 (7.6)de | 30.1 (7.3)bc | 37.1 (6.1)ce | 37.6 (5.7)bd | < 0.001 |
Endpoint | 32.0 (7.4)de | 30.7 (7.1)bc | 36.6 (6.4)ce | 37.4 (5.6)bd | < 0.001 |
Change | −0.11 (1.9) | 0.7 (2.3) | −0.3 (1.4) | 0.16 (1.7) | 0.20 |
Mean lean mass (kg) | |||||
Baseline | 46.5 (4.7)e | 47.1 (3.0)bc | 42.8 (4.7)ce | 43.8 (4.7)b | < 0.001 |
Endpoint | 46.5 (4.3)de | 46.8 (3.0)bc | 43.2 (4.8)ce | 43.16 (4.1)bd | < 0.001 |
Change | 0.22 (1.3) | −0.05 (1.3) | 0.43 (1.0) | 0.06 (0.87) | 0.37 |