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Table 4 Odds ratios for general obesity and high body fat across quartiles of dietary pattern scores and metabolic parameters by gendera

From: Gender difference in the association of dietary patterns and metabolic parameters with obesity in young and middle-aged adults with dyslipidemia and abnormal fasting plasma glucose in Taiwan

Variables

OR (95% CI) for general obesity

OR (95% CI) for high body fat

Men (n = 10,691)

Women (n = 3396)

Men (n = 10,691)

Women (n = 3396)

Model 1b

Model 2c

Model 1b

Model 2c

Model 1b

Model 2c

Model 1b

Model 2c

Western dietary pattern

 Q2

0.96 (0.86, 1.07)

0.96 (0.86, 1.09)

1.08 (0.89, 1.30)

1.20 (0.99, 1.45)

0.89 (0.76, 1.05)

0.85 (0.72, 1.01)

1.14 (0.90, 1.44)

1.29 (1.01, 1.64)*

 Q3

1.09 (0.98, 1.22)

1.10 (0.98, 1.23)

1.42 (1.16, 1.74)***

1.67 (1.36, 2.06)***

1.13 (0.97, 1.32)

1.00 (0.85, 1.17)

1.14 (0.88, 1.48)

1.43 (1.10, 1.88)**

 Q4

1.28 (1.14, 1.42)***

1.27 (1.13, 1.43)***

1.30 (1.04, 1.62)*

1.66 (1.31, 2.09)***

1.56 (1.35, 1.80)***

1.26 (1.08, 1.47)**

1.04 (0.79, 1.37)

1.52 (1.14, 2.04)**

P-trend

0.000

0.000

0.001

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.579

0.002

Prudent dietary pattern

 Q2

0.91 (0.82, 1.01)

0.94 (0.84, 1.04)

1.08 (0.87, 1.33)

1.09 (0.88, 1.35)

0.89 (0.78, 1.02)

0.99 (0.86, 1.13)

1.06 (0.81, 1.39)

0.98 (0.75, 1.29)

 Q3

0.88 (0.79, 0.98)*

0.92 (0.82, 1.02)

0.94 (0.76, 1.16)

0.96 (0.78, 1.20)

0.69 (0.60, 0.80)***

0.83 (0.72, 0.96)*

1.04 (0.80, 1.35)

0.93 (0.70, 1.22)

 Q4

0.84 (0.75, 0.93)**

0.88 (0.79, 0.99)*

0.90 (0.73, 1.11)

0.92 (0.75, 1.15)

0.70 (0.61, 0.81)***

0.89 (0.77, 1.03)

1.07 (0.83, 1.39)

0.95 (0.72, 1.25)

P-trend

0.001

0.026

0.181

0.291

0.000

0.030

0.654

0.666

HDL-C (mmol/L)

 High

0.60 (0.55, 0.65)***

0.59 (0.54, 0.65)***

0.55 (0.44, 0.67)***

0.50 (0.40, 0.63)***

0.79 (0.71, 0.88)***

0.82 (0.73, 0.91)***

0.80 (0.59, 1.09)

0.65 (0.48, 0.89)**

 P-trend

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.158

0.008

LDL-C (mmol/L)

 High

0.94 (0.88, 1.02)

0.96 (0.89, 1.03)

1.07 (0.92, 1.24)

1.01 (0.87, 1.18)

1.01 (0.91, 1.11)

1.07 (0.97, 1.19)

1.50 (1.24, 1.81)***

1.38 (1.13, 1.67)**

 P-trend

0.138

0.257

0.380

0.874

0.917

0.180

0.000

0.001

TC (mmol/L)

 High

0.86 (0.79, 0.93)***

0.87 (0.80, 0.94)***

0.56 (0.47, 0.67)***

0.55 (0.47, 0.66)***

1.04 (0.93, 1.17)

1.10 (0.99, 1.23)

0.53 (0.40, 0.69)***

0.51 (0.39, 0.67)***

 P-trend

0.000

0.001

0.000

0.000

0.449

0.089

0.000

0.000

TG (mmol/L)

 High

2.01 (1.86, 2.17)***

1.98 (1.83, 2.15)***

3.53 (3.01, 4.13)***

3.48 (2.97, 4.09)***

1.88 (1.69, 2.10)***

1.88 (1.68, 2.10)***

5.10 (3.73, 6.96)***

4.93 (3.60, 6.76)***

 P-trend

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

FPG (mmol/L)

 High

2.39 (1.96, 2.91)***

2.34 (1.92, 2.86)***

3.39 (2.44, 4.73)***

2.95 (2.11, 4.13)***

2.29 (1.86, 2.81)***

2.61 (2.11, 3.23)***

2.65 (1.39, 5.07)**

2.18 (1.13, 4.20)*

 P-trend

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.003

0.020

  1. HDL-C high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, TC total cholesterol, TG triglycerides, FPG fasting plasma glucose
  2. aGeneral obesity was defined as obese BMI (≥ 25 kg/m2), and high body fat was defined as > 30% for men and > 25% for women. The variables were defined as the following: HDL-C low < 1.04 mmol/L and high ≥1.04 mmol/L, LDL-C low < 3.4 mmol/L and high ≥3.4 mmol/L, TC low < 5.2 mmol/L and high ≥5.2 mmol/L, TG low < 1.7 mmol/L and high ≥1.7 mmol/L, and FPG low < 7.0 mmol/L and high ≥7.0 mmol/L. The lowest quartile (Q1) of the dietary pattern or low values of the variables were the reference group (not shown)
  3. bModel 1 crude model
  4. cModel 2 adjusted for age, marital status, education, current smoking, current drinking, and physical activity
  5. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001
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Nutrition Journal

ISSN: 1475-2891

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