Skip to main content

Table 4 Daily per capita energy intake (kcal) from beverage categories in 2015, by socio-demographic variable (N = 20,176)

From: Beverage consumption and energy intake among Canadians: analyses of 2004 and 2015 national dietary intake data

 

Other unsweetened

SSBs

Plain milk

Alcoholic beverages

100% juice

Diet or light beverages

Mean energy in kcal (95% CI) Adjusted p-value

Mean energy in kcal (95% CI) Adjusted p-value

Mean energy in kcal (95% CI) Adjusted p-value

Mean energy in kcal (95% CI) Adjusted p-value

Mean energy in kcal (95% CI) Adjusted p-value

Mean energy in kcal (95% CI) Adjusted p-value

Model statistics

n

F(26,20,176) = 15.46

F(26,20,176) = 55.35

F(26,20,176) = 85.49

F(26,20,176) = 51.42

F(26,20,176) = 43.51

F(1,20,176) = 16.30

Sex

 

p = 0.4423

p < .0001

p < .0001

p < .0001

p < .0001

p = 0.3181

 Male

10,096

5.1

(3.2, 7.0)

119.9

(111.1, 128.7)

70.3

(65.7, 74.9)

96.5

(85.5, 107.4)

38.7

(35.3, 42.0)

1.4

(1.1, 1.7)

 Female

10,080

6.0

(5.0, 6.9)

77.5

(72.1, 82.9)

57.9

(54.2, 61.5)

45.4

(39.8, 51.1)

28.7

(26.6, 30.9)

1.7

(0.8, 2.6)

Age (years)

 

p < .0001

p < .0001

p < .0001

p < .0001

p < .0001

p < .0001

 1–8

1800

0.2

(0.0, 0.4)

74.0

(66.4, 81.6)

149.8

(140.5, 159.1)

0.6

(0.0, 1.6)*

56.3

(51.4, 61.3)

0.3

(0.1, 0.5)

 9–18

2230

1.1

(0.3, 1.8)

152.0

(141.0, 163.0)

98.9

(93.0, 104.7)

5.0

(2.5, 7.4)

54.5

(49.9, 59.1)

0.8

(0.5, 1.2)

 19–30

2622

5.1

(3.0, 7.2)

165.6

(139.0, 192.2)

61.0

(45.3, 76.6)

91.0

(66.1, 115.9)

41.7

(32.1, 51.2)

0.8

(0.5, 1.2)

 31–50

6150

8.8

(5.7, 12)

101.1

(90.3, 111.8)

45.1

(40.7, 49.6)

86.2

(73.1, 99.3)

27.1

(23.2, 31.0)

1.5

(1.1, 1.9)

 51+

7374

5.6

(4.9, 6.3)

62.9

(57.4, 68.3)

49.6

(46.4, 52.8)

88.3

(79.1, 97.4)

24.6

(22.3, 26.8)

2.4

(1.1, 3.7)

Ethnicity

 

p = 0.0975

p < .0001

p < .0001

p < .0001

p = 0.1870

p = 0.0015

 White only

14,452

5.5

(4.6, 6.3)

97.7

(91.4, 104.0)

65.3

(62.0, 68.6)

86.5

(78.9, 94.1)

33.3

(30.9, 35.7)

1.9

(1.2, 2.6)

 Chinese only

915

5.4

(0.4, 10.3)

53.2

(40.8, 65.6)

48.8

(40.1, 57.5)

8.8

(4.8, 12.8)

23.9

(17.2, 30.7)

0.2

(0.0, 0.5)*

 South Asian only

994

3.2

(2.0, 4.4)

103.5

(78.4, 128.7)

98.4

(76.1, 120.6)

17.5

(3.9, 31.1)

30.5

(23.4, 37.5)

0.7

(0.2, 1.2)

 Black only

706

2.7

(0.6, 4.7)

107.0

(85.4, 128.6)

48.4

(31.7, 65.0)

23.2

(10.8, 35.6)

46.0

(33.6, 58.4)

0.7

(0.0, 1.6)*

 Indigenous inclusive

606

2.0

(0.8, 3.3)

141.6

(112.6, 170.6)

67.3

(53.5, 81.1)

45.5

(28.0, 63.1)

36.9

(23.9, 49.9)

2.5

(0.8, 4.2)

 Mixed/other/not stated/missing

2504

8.7

(2.6, 14.9)

106.5

(82.2, 130.8)

52.9

(46.4, 59.4)

44.8

(24.0, 65.6)

36.6

(30.9, 42.4)

0.6

(0.3, 0.8)

Income quartile

 

p = 0.3040

p = 0.4077

p = 0.3396

p < .0001

p = 0.8863

p = 0.2099

 1 (lowest income)

3758

7.1

(2.9, 11.3)

97.0

(85.7, 108.3)

71.7

(61.5, 82.0)

39.5

(31.5, 47.5)

34.6

(29.9, 39.3)

0.9

(0.7, 1.2)

 2

3854

4.1

(3.2, 5.0)

92.4

(83.6, 101.1)

64.5

(58.6, 70.4)

68.0

(55.8, 80.2)

35.9

(31.2, 40.7)

1.0

(0.7, 1.2)

 3

3634

5.3

(3.3, 7.3)

97.3

(87.1, 107.6)

65.2

(58.3, 72.0)

73.8

(61.6, 85.9)

33.1

(29.1, 37.1)

1.2

(0.9, 1.5)

 4 (highest income)

3796

6.2

(4.6, 7.8)

98.8

(84.0, 113.6)

57.5

(52.5, 62.6)

99.0

(83.5, 114.4)

29.0

(24.3, 33.6)

3.8

(1.2, 6.3)

 Not reported

5135

5.2

(4.1, 6.4)

105.6

(92.2, 119.1)

62.3

(57.5, 67.1)

73.5

(57.3, 89.7)

35.3

(30.7, 39.8)

1.1

(0.8, 1.5)

Province

 

p < .0001

p < .0001

p = 0.0001

p = 0.0029

p < .0001

p < .0001

 NL

300

3.4

(2.5, 4.3)

110.2

(90.6, 129.8)

52.4

(45.5, 59.3)

60.2

(41.4, 78.9)

32.2

(25.9, 38.4)

2.3

(1.5, 3.0)

 PEI

83

3.1

(1.6, 4.6)

104.1

(90.9, 117.3)

72.3

(64.0, 80.6)

55.7

(38.9, 72.4)

35.1

(26.0, 44.2)

1.4

(0.9, 1.9)

 Nova Scotia

531

3.1

(2.3, 3.9)

99.4

(85.4, 113.4)

63.8

(56.7, 70.9)

71.9

(51.9, 91.9)

28.9

(23.8, 34.1)

1.8

(1.0, 2.6)

 New Brunswick

421

3.2

(1.7, 4.8)

114.9

(97.7, 132.2)

67.5

(58.7, 76.3)

73.2

(52.6, 93.8)

30.6

(25.1, 36.0)

2.4

(1.3, 3.5)

 Quebec

4704

9.6

(5.6, 13.6)

90.5

(80.0, 101.0)

74.5

(65.8, 83.2)

89.7

(72.7, 106.6)

52.5

(46.2, 58.8)

1.2

(0.9, 1.6)

 Ontario

7834

4.0

(2.9, 5.0)

102.8

(92.2, 113.5)

59.8

(54.8, 64.8)

56.0

(47.8, 64.2)

29.4

(26.4, 32.4)

1.8

(0.7, 3.0)

 Manitoba

694

3.4

(1.9, 4.9)

112.9

(97.6, 128.2)

70.5

(62.9, 78.1)

55.5

(40.1, 71.0)

28.3

(23.1, 33.4)

2.8

(1.2, 4.3)

 Saskatchewan

613

2.0

(1.2, 2.7)

96.0

(81.5, 110.6)

76.7

(66.6, 86.8)

59.7

(36.4, 83.0)

28.7

(22.8, 34.6)

1.4

(0.9, 1.9)

 Alberta

2352

4.7

(2.5, 6.9)

123.0

(106.1, 139.9)

64.2

(58.1, 70.3)

83.1

(61.1, 105.1)

24.7

(20.4, 28.9)

1.9

(1.0, 2.8)

 British Columbia

2644

6.4

(4.1, 8.6)

72.2

(63.5, 80.9)

54.4

(49.0, 59.8)

79.0

(66.1, 91.9)

25.2

(20.8, 29.5)

0.6

(0.3, 0.8)

BMI category

 

p = 0.2642

p = 0.2394

p = 0.5178

p = 0.1439

p = 0.0268

p = 0.0009

 Underweight/normal

6002

5.6

(4.2, 7.0)

109.0

(99.2, 118.8)

70.3

(64.7, 75.8)

63.3

(53.8, 72.8)

41.9

(38.1, 45.7)

0.6

(0.4, 0.8)

 Overweight

4308

5.7

(4.2, 7.2)

89.7

(82.2, 97.2)

61.3

(54.3, 68.3)

73.0

(61.1, 84.9)

30.9

(26.8, 35.0)

1.5

(1.1, 1.9)

 Obese

3115

4.8

(3.5, 6.1)

97.9

(84.2, 111.7)

59.3

(53.2, 65.4)

84.3

(69.1, 99.5)

27.1

(23.0, 31.2)

4.0

(1.1, 6.9)

 Don’t know/refusal/not stated

6752

5.7

(2.9, 8.5)

95.6

(84.3, 106.9)

62.6

(57.8, 67.4)

70.4

(58.1, 82.7)

31.3

(27.7, 34.8)

1.3

(0.9, 1.7)

  1. No model was constructed for plain water as this beverage category contained no energy. All means are weighted ‘arithmetic means’ (also referred to as ‘observed means’), and not linear regression adjusted least squares means. Models statistics are for separate linear models using generalized least squares regression for each beverage category, with covariates sex, age, ethnicity, income, province, and BMI category; α = 0.05
  2. Abbreviations: 95% CI 95% confidence interval, BMI Body mass index, kcal kilocalorie, NF Newfoundland and Labrador, PEI Prince Edward Island, SSBs Sugar-sweetened beverages
  3. *Estimates for these 95% confidence intervals contained values less than zero. For reporting, these values were replaced with ‘0’ as they were a result of the bootstrap resampling method and not an indication of negative consumption
Back to article page

Nutrition Journal

ISSN: 1475-2891

Contact us