Table 1 General characteristics of study participants across quintiles of DII scorea
From: Adherence to the pro-inflammatory diet in relation to prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome
Quintiles of DII score | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | Q1 | Q3 | Q5 | P-valueb |
DII range | −4.49 to −1.41 | − 0.47 to + 0.44 | + 1.38 to + 5.39 | |
Subjects, n | 672 | 672 | 672 | |
Age, y | 37.7 ± 7.9 | 36.8 ± 7.7 | 34.9 ± 7.6 | < 0.001 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 25.4 ± 3.9 | 25.04 ± 3.7 | 24.2 ± 3.6 | < 0.001 |
Psychological distress | 1.74 ± 2.38 | 1.93 ± 2.65 | 2.43 ± 2.91 | < 0.001 |
Female, % | 61.3 | 57.7 | 52.1 | 0.005 |
Married, % | 81.7 | 83.4 | 79.9 | 0.62 |
Physically active, % | 39.9 | 31.8 | 30.1 | < 0.001 |
Current smokers, % | 3.7 | 3.2 | 3.8 | 0.51 |
Disease history, % | 5.8 | 4.3 | 4.8 | 0.04 |
Regular meal pattern, % | 0.18 | |||
Often or always | 62.8 | 62 | 57.3 | |
Never or occasionally | 37.2 | 38 | 42.7 | |
Chewing sufficiency, % | 0.36 | |||
A lot | 14.3 | 14.2 | 11 | |
Not a lot | 85.7 | 85.8 | 89 | |
Fluid consumption, % | 0.72 | |||
< 3 glasses | 97.2 | 96.1 | 96.5 | |
≥ 3 glasses | 2.8 | 3.9 | 3.5 | |
Tooth loss, % | 0.11 | |||
Have all | 32.6 | 30.6 | 37.4 | |
Lost 1–5 teeth | 58.1 | 62.5 | 55.1 | |
Lost >5 teeth | 9.3 | 6.9 | 7.5 | |