Dietary seaweed intake and depressive symptoms in Japanese adults: a prospective cohort study

Nutrition Journal

Table 3 Multivariate logistic regression of the odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for the incidence of depressive symptoms by change in seaweed intakes at 3-year follow-up (n = 500)

	Change in seaweed intakes			p for trend
	Decreased	Unchanged	Increased	p for trend
Range, g/1000 kcal/day	–46.1, −2.0	−2.0, 2.0	2.0, 39.5
No. of participants	152	193	155
No. of participants with depressive symptoms	21	14	11
Model 1^a	1.00 (ref)	0.42 (0.18–0.97)	0.39 (0.16–0.94)	0.043
Model 2^b	1.00 (ref)	0.32 (0.13–0.78)	0.33 (0.13–0.82)	0.025
Model 3^c	1.00 (ref)	0.33 (0.13–0.83)	0.32 (0.13–0.81)	0.022
Model 4^d	1.00 (ref)	0.32 (0.13–0.81)	0.34 (0.13–0.88)	0.032

^aAdjusted for baseline Self-rating Depression Scale, baseline seaweed intakes, sex, log age, and log body mass index
^bSame as Model 1 + occupation (desk work), education level (≥college), and living status (alone)
^cSame as Model 2 + smoking status (current, former, never), alcohol use frequency (every day, sometimes, never), breakfast skipping (≥3 times/week), physical activity (0, 0.1–22.9, ≥ 23 metabolic equivalent hours/week), and metabolic syndrome
^dSame as Model 3 + change in intakes of protein, green leafy vegetables, and fish

ISSN: 1475-2891