Table 4 Associations between incremental consumption of 250 cal from low nutritive value foods and cardiometabolic risk factors

 Waist circumference, cm

4.8 (3.6 to 6.0)

0.8 (0.3 to 1.3)

0.6 (0.1 to 1.1)

 P

< 0.001

0.002

0.02

 BMI, kg/m²

1.8 (1.4 to 2.3)

1.9 (1.4 to 2.4)

1.7 (1.2 to 2.2)

 P

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

 Body fat, %

2.2 (1.6 to 2.8)

0.2 (−0.1 to 0.5)

0.1 (−0.2 to 0.5)

 P

< 0.001

0.13

0.38

 Total cholesterol

0.09 (0.01 to 0.18)

0.11 (0.01 to 0.20)

0.11 (0.01 to 0.21)

 P

0.03

0.02

0.03

 LDL cholesterol

0.06 (−0.01 to 0.13)

0.05 (− 0.03 to 0.13)

0.06 (− 0.02 to 0.15)

 P

0.10

0.19

0.15

 HDL cholesterol

−0.06 (− 0.09 to − 0.02)

− 0.01 (− 0.05 to 0.03)

−0.01 (− 0.05 to 0.03)

 P

0.002

0.54

0.62

 TG^a, %

13.7 (9.1 to 18.5)

9.0 (4.3 to 13.8)

7.8 (3.0 to 12.8)

 P

< 0.001

< 0.001

0.001

 Non-HDL cholesterol

0.15 (0.07 to 0.23)

0.12 (0.03 to 0.20)

0.12 (0.03 to 0.22)

 P

< 0.001

0.01

0.01

 Cholesterol:HDL cholesterol

0.23 (0.13 to 0.33)

0.12 (0.02 to 0.23)

0.12 (0.01 to 0.24)

 P

< 0.001

0.03

0.04

 SBP

1.7 (0.6 to 2.7)

0.2 (−0.8 to 1.3)

0.2 (−0.9 to 1.3)

 P

0.002

0.66

0.73

 DBP

1.7 (0.8 to 2.5)

0.5 (−0.4 to 1.4)

0.4 (−0.5 to 1.3)

 P

< 0.001

0.26

0.37

 Fasting glucose^a, %

0.3 (−0.7 to 1.3)

− 0.9 (−2.0 to 0.3)

−0.9 (−2.1 to 0.3)

 P

0.60

0.14

0.15

 Fasting insulin^a, %

8.0 (3.9 to 12.2)

0.2 (−3.6 to 4.1)

−0.3 (−4.2 to 3.8)

 P

< 0.001

0.94

0.87

 HOMA-IR^a, %

8.3 (3.7 to 13.0)

−0.7 (− 4.9 to 3.6)

−1.2 (−5.5 to 3.3)

 P

< 0.001

0.74

0.59

 C-reactive protein^a, %

28.0 (16.4 to 40.8)

3.5 (−4.9 to 12.6)

2.4 (−6.2 to 11.7)

 P

< 0.001

0.43

0.60