Dietary patterns in relation to testosterone levels and severity of impaired kidney function among middle-aged and elderly men in Taiwan: a cross-sectional study

Table 4 Multivariable linear regression analysis of across tertiles of dietary pattern scores associated with serum testosterone and kidney function biomarkers ^a

	Fried-processed dietary pattern				Vege-seafood dietary pattern
	T2	P	T3	P	T2	P	T3	P
	β (95% CI)	P	β (95% CI)	P	β (95% CI)	P	β (95% CI)	P
Testosterone (nmol/L)	−0.78 (− 1.40, − 0.16)	0.014	−0.19 (− 0.86, 0.48)	0.58	−0.05 (− 0.82, 0.71)	0.89	0.04 (− 0.73, 0.81)	0.92
T/TG ratio	−1.76 (−2.99, − 0.53)	0.005	−0.81 (− 2.14, 0.53)	0.24	0.54 (− 0.99, 2.07)	0.48	0.94 (− 0.60, 2.49)	0.23
BUN (mmol/L)	0.09 (0.04, 0.15)	0.001	0.06 (−0.00, 0.12)	0.06	−0.00 (− 0.06, 0.05)	0.89	− 0.03 (− 0.09, 0.03)	0.36
Creatinine (μmol/L)	0.94 (0.08, 1.80)	0.031	0.21 (−0.67, 1.09)	0.64	−1.03 (− 1.89, − 0.17)	0.018	−1.47 (−2.32, − 0.61)	0.001
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²)	−0.64 (− 1.05, − 0.24)	0.002	−0.39 (− 0.81, 0.03)	0.07	0.46 (0.05, 0.86)	0.027	1.01 (0.60, 1.41)	< 0.001

T/TG testosterone-to-triglycerides, BUN blood urea nitrogen, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate
^a Data were analyzed by model 3 adjusted for age, BMI, education level, marital status, family income, smoking, drinking alcohol, sleeping, physical activity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, and CRP levels using T1 as the reference group (n = 21,376, except for testosterone levels and T/TG ratio, n = 256). Dairy-grain dietary pattern is not listed in the table because there was no association between the dairy-grain dietary pattern and all the variables above

ISSN: 1475-2891