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Table 5 Association between total AHEI-2010 score and Health Markers in U.S. adults (Age ≥ 20, N = 4097)

From: Healthy eating index versus alternate healthy index in relation to diabetes status and health markers in U.S. adults: NHANES 2007–2010

Health Markers

(n)

AHEI-2010 Quartiles

p trend

Quartile 1 (n = 990)

Quartile 2 (n = 1003)

Quartile 3 (n = 1062)

Quartile 4 (n = 1042)

LSM ± SE

LSM ± SE

LSM ± SE

LSM ± SE

aBMI (kg/m2)

4097

29.9 ± 0.2

29.2 ± 0.3

29.1 ± 0.2

27.9 ± 0.3

0.0011*

aWC (cm)

4019

101.8 ± 0.5

100.7 ± 0.6

99.4 ± 0.6

96.9 ± 0.7

0.0003*

aTotal cholesterol (mg/dl)

4070

199.3 ± 1.8

197.1 ± 1.6

197.8 ± 1.6

194.4 ± 1.4

0.1790*

bHDL cholesterol (mg/dl)

4070

51.6 ± 0.7

52.1 ± 0.5

53.8 ± 0.6

55.5 ± 0.6

<. 0001*

aLDL cholesterol (mg/dl)

3990

119.7 ± 1.6

118.6 ± 1.3

116.8 ± 1.3

113.6 ± 1.3

0.0406

aTG (mg/dl)

4066

148.0 ± 5.1

134.4 ± 2.7

136.1 ± 3.1

125.9 ± 3.8

<. 0001*

aTG / HDL cholesterol Ratio

4066

3.5 ± 0.2

2.9 ± 0.07

3.1 ± 0.1

2.9 ± 0.2

<. 0001*

cCRP (mg/dl)

4086

0.4 ± 0.03

0.4 ± 0.03

0.4 ± 0.02

0.4 ± 0.02

0.0054*

cInsulin (uU/mL)

3958

13.9 ± 0.3

13.4 ± 0.3

13.2 ± 0.4

12.7 ± 0.2

0.0940*

cMean SBP (mm Hg)

3928

122.7 ± 0.5

122.8 ± 0.6

121.8 ± 0.6

120.6 ± 0.5

0.0109

cMean DBP (mm Hg)

3928

68.1 ± 0.6

68.9 ± 0.5

68.3 ± 0.6

69.2 ± 0.5

0.4184

aComorbidity Score

4097

2.3 ± 0.09

2.1 ± 0.09

2.0 ± 0.09

1.9 ± 0.09

<.0001

  1. Values are least square means ± standard error of the mean (SE). Bonferroni correction (< 0.05/11 health markers), P < 0.005
  2. Highest total AHEI-2010 score was compared to the lowest total AHEI-2010 (quartile 4 vs. quartile 1) to represent dietary quality. Mean blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) was calculated based on the average of the first three systolic BP readings of the participants while being examined at the MEC. The fourth reading was not included because of missing values. Co-morbidity score was calculated as the sum of self-reported presence of physician-diagnosed comorbidities that tend to co-occur with type 2 diabetes
  3. Abbreviations: AHEI-2010 Alternate Healthy Eating Index 2010, LSM Least-Square Means, BMI Body Mass Index, WC Waist Circumference, TC Total Cholesterol, HDL-C High density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, LDL-C Low density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, TG Triglycerides, CRP C-reactive protein
  4. aAdjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, smoking status, PIR, physical activity, and energy intake
  5. bAdjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, smoking status, Poverty-to-Income Ratio, physical activity, energy intake, and BMI
  6. cAdjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, smoking status, Poverty-to-Income Ratio, physical activity, energy intake, BMI and WC
  7. *Nontransformed LSMs were presented with p-values associated with the variables after log-transformation for normality. Health markers that were log-transformed include BMI, WC, TC, HDL-C, TG, CRP, and Insulin. P-value is not significant for CRP without log-transformation. Bolded values are significantly different p < 0.01
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Nutrition Journal

ISSN: 1475-2891

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