Table 2 HEI-2010 components and total scores of U.S. adults (Age ≥ 20 years) by Diabetes Status
Component | Criteria | Maximum Score Value | Diabetes Status | ap-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Minimum score | Maximum score | Nondiabetes (n = 1436) | Prediabetes (n = 1905) | Diabetes (n = 715) | |||
LSM ± SE | LSM ± SE | LSM ± SE | |||||
Adequacy | |||||||
Total fruit | 0 | ≥0.8 cups/1000 kcal | 5 | 2.1 ± 0.07 | 2.2 ± 0.08 | 2.2 ± 0.1 | 0.6460 |
Whole fruit | 0 | ≥0.4 cups/1000 kcal | 5 | 0.7 ± 0.04 | 0.8 ± 0.07 | 0.8 ± 0.08 | 0.0554 |
Total vegetables | 0 | ≥1.1 cups/1000 kcal | 5 | 2.9 ± 0.07 | 3.0 ± 0.04 | 3.2 ± 0.07 | 0.1362 |
Greens and beans | 0 | ≥0.2 cups/1000 kcal | 5 | 1.3 ± 0.06 | 1.2 ± 0.07 | 1.3 ± 0.1 | 0.5413 |
Whole grains | 0 | ≥1.5 oz./1000 | 10 | 2.5 ± 0.1 | 2.2 ± 0.1 | 2.7 ± 0.1 | 0.0693 |
Dairy | 0 | ≥1.3 cups/1000 kcal | 10 | 5.4 ± 0.1 | 5.1 ± 0.09 | 5.1 ± 0.2 | 0.1506 |
Fatty acids | (PUFAs + MUFAs)/ SFAs ≤1.2 | (PUFAs + MUFAs)/ SFAs ≥2.5 | 10 | 4.9 ± 0.1 | 4.9 ± 0.1 | 5.1 ± 0.2 | 0.6415 |
Total protein foods | 0 | ≥2.5 oz./1000 kcal | 5 | 4.2 ± 0.04 | 4.2 ± 0.04 | 4.4 ± 0.06 | 0.0008 |
Seafood and Plant proteins | 0 | ≥0.8 oz./1000 kcal | 5 | 2.2 ± 0.1 | 2.0 ± 0.08 | 1.9 ± 0.1 | 0.1646 |
Moderation | |||||||
Refined grains | ≥ 4.3 oz./1000 kcal | ≤ 1.8 oz./1000 kcal | 10 | 5.9 ± 0.1 | 6.3 ± 0.1 | 5.9 ± 0.2 | 0.0122 |
Sodium | ≥ 2.0 g/1000 kcal | ≤ 1.1 g/1000 kcal | 10 | 4.2 ± 0.08 | 4.4 ± 0.07 | 3.5 ± 0.2 | 0.0006 |
bEmpty calories | ≥ 50% of energy | ≤ 19% of energy | 20 | 11.1 ± 0.3 | 10.4 ± 0.3 | 12.5 ± 0.3 | 0.0002 |
Total HEI-2010 score | 100 | 47.5 ± 0.6 | 46.8 ± 0.7 | 48.8 ± 0.6 | 0.1110 | ||