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Table 2 Bivariate analysis of the relation of exposure variables and anemia status

From: Food taboo among pregnant Ethiopian women: magnitude, drivers, and association with anemia

Variable

Category

Casesa N (%)

Controlsb N (%)

P *

Food taboo

Yes

49 (26.2)

59 (14.6)

0.001

No

138 (73.8)

346 (85.4)

Education (year)

Primary & below

105 (56.5)

132 (32.6)

<  0.001

Secondary

52 (28.0)

146 (36.0)

Tertiary & above

29 (15.6)

127 (31.4)

Income category

Low

73 (39.0)

109 (26.9)

<  0.001

Middle

70 (37.4)

123 (30.4)

High

44 (23.5)

173 (42.7)

Trimester

First

79 (42.2)

94 (23.2)

<  0.001

Second

20 (10.7)

155 (38.3)

Third

88 (47.1)

156 (38.5)

Gravidity

<= 2

123 (65.8)

267 (65.9)

0.971

>  2

64 (34.2)

138 (34.1)

Pregnancy interval

<  2 years

61 (32.6)

133 (32.8)

0.958

>  2 years

126 (67.4)

272 (67.2)

Iron supplement

No

155 (82.9)

317 (78.3)

0.194

Yes

32 (17.1)

88 (21.7)

Intestinal parasites

No

174 (93.0)

383 (94.6)

0.466

Yes

13 (7.0)

22 (5.4)

Chronic illness

No

176 (94.1)

390 (96.3)

0.162

Yes

11 (5.9)

15 (3.7)

MUAC (cm)

<= 23

69 (36.9)

95 (23.5)

0.001

>  23

118 (63.1)

310 (76.5)

Hygiene practice

Unimproved

15 (8.0)

36 (8.9)

0.430

Improved

172 (92.0)

369 (91.1)

  1. a=Cases refer to the anemic group
  2. b=Controls refer to the non-anemic group
  3. *P: based on Chi-square test of association
  4. MUAC, mid-upper arm circumference